Affiliated College, Educational Agency, Faculty College, Junior College, Professional College

Amendments appended: 13 of 1987, 11 of 1988, 23 of 2007, 12 of 2012

  1. Short title and commencement.—(1) This Act may be called the[3][Mahatma Gandhi
    University Act] 1985.
    (2). It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 2nd day of October,
    1983.
  2. Definitions.—In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,–
    (1). “Academic council” means the Academic Council of the University;
    (2). “affiliated college” means college affiliated to the University in accordance
    with the provisions of this Act and the Statutes and in which instruction is provided in
    accordance with the provisions of the Statutes Ordinances and Regulations;
    (3). “annual meeting” means one of the ordinary meetings of the Senate held
    every year under sub-section (1) of section 20 and declared by the Statutes to be the
    annual meeting of Senate;
    (4). “Appellate Tribunal” means the Appellate Tribunal constituted under subsection (1) of section 69;
    (5). “Board of Studies” means a Board of Studies of the University;
    (6). “Chancellor” means the Chancellor of the University;
    (7). “college” means an institution maintained by, or affiliated to the University,
    in which instruction is provided in accordance with the provisions of the Statutes,
    Ordinances and Regulations;
    (8). “department” means a department designated as such by the Ordinances or
    Regulations with reference to a subject or group of subjects;
    (9). “educational agency” means any person or body of persons who or which
    establishes and maintains a private college or more than one private college;
    (10). “faculty” means a faculty of the University;
    (11). “Government college” means a college maintained by the Government and
    affiliated to the University;
    (12). “hostel” means a unit of residence for the students of the University or the
    colleges or institutions maintained by, or affiliated to, the University in accordance with
    the provisions of this Act or the Statutes or Ordinances;
    (13). “junior college” means a college imparting instructions in Pre-Degree courses
    only;
    (14). “non teaching staff of the University or a college means the employees of the
    University or that college, other than teachers;
    (15). “prescribed” means prescribed by the Statutes, Ordinances, Regulations, rules
    or bye-laws made under this Act;
    (16). “principal’ means the head of a college;
    (17). “private college’ means a college maintained by an educational agency other
    than the Government or the University and affiliated to the University;
    (18). [4] [xxxxxxxxxxxxxx]
    (19). “Professional college” means a college in which instruction is given in any of
    the following subjects, namely:-
  3. Engineering and Technology;
  4. Allopathic Medicine and Para Medical Courses;
  5. Dental Medicine;
  6. Ayurvedic Medicine;
  7. Homeopathic Medicine;
  8. Law; and
  9. Education;
    (20). “Pro-Vice Chancellor” means the Pro-Vice Chancellor of the University;
    (21). “recognized institution” means an institution for research or special studies,
    other than an affiliated college, recognized as such by the University;
    (22). [5][xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx]
    (23). “senate” means the Senate of the University;
    (24). “State” means the State of Kerala;
    (25). “Statutes”, “ordinances”, “Regulations”, “bye-laws”, and “rules” means
    respectively the “Statutes”, “Ordinances”, “Regulations”, “bye-laws” and “rules” of the
    University;
    (26). “student” means a part-time or full time student receiving instruction or
    carrying on research in any of the colleges or recognized institutions;
    (27). “Students’ Council” means the Students’ Council of the University;
    (28). “Syndicate” means the Syndicate of the University;
    (29). “teacher means a principal, professor, associate professor, assistant professor,
    reader, lecturer, instructor, or such other person imparting instruction or supervising
    research in any of the colleges or recognized institutions and whose appointment has
    been approved by the University;
    (30). “teacher of the University” means a person employed as teacher in any
    institution maintained by the University;
    [6][“ (30A) ‘un-aided college’ means a private college which is not entitled to any
    financial assistance from the Government or the University;”;]
    (31). “University” means the [7][Mahatma Gandhi University] constituted under
    this Act;
    (32). “University Area” means the area to which the jurisdiction of the University
    extends under sub-section (1) of section 4;
    (33). “University Fund” means the[8][Mahatma Gandhi University Fund]
    established under sub-section (1) of section 46;
    (34). “Vice Chancellor” means the Vice-Chancellor of the University.

CHAPTER II
THE UNIVERSITY

  1. The University.- (1) The Chancellor, [9] [xxxxx] the Vice-Chancellor, the ProVice-Chancellor, if any, and the members of the Senate, the Syndicate and the Academic
    Council; for the time being, shall constitute a body corporated [10] [by the name of the
    Mahatma Gandhi University.]
    (2). The headquarters of the University shall be at
    Kottayam.
    (3). The University shall have perpetual succession and a common seal, and shall sue and
    be sued by the said name.
  2. Territorial limits.-(1) The jurisdiction of the University shall extend to the
    Kottayam, Ernakulam and Idukki revenue districts, the Kuttanad taluk of the Alleppey
    revenue district and the Kozhencherry,Mallappally, Thiruvalla and Ranni taluks of the
    Pathanamthitta revenue district of the State
    (2).No educational institution situated beyond the territorial limits of the
    University shall, save with the sanction of the Chancellor and the Government, be
    affiliated to the University and no educational institution within the territorial limits of
    the University shall, save with the sanction of the Chancellor and the Government, seek
    or continue affiliation to any other University established by law.
  3. Powers of the University.-Subject to the provisions of this Act, the University
    shall have the following powers, namely:-
    (i). to provide for instruction and training in such branches of learning as the
    University may deem fit and to make provision for research and for the advancement and
    dissemination of knowledge;
    [11] [“(ia”) to confer academic autonomy to an affiliated college department of
    an affiliated college or university department;”;]
    (ii). to institute degrees, titles, diplomas and other academic distinctions;
    (iii). to hold examinations and to confer degrees and other academic distinctions
    on persons who-
    (a). shall have pursued a prescribed course of study in a college under the
    University, unless exempted therefrom in the manner prescribed., and shall have passed
    the prescribed examination: or
    (b). shall have carried on research under prescribed conditions and which
    has been duly evaluated;
    (iv). to confer honorary degrees or other distinctions on distinguished persons in
    accordance with the conditions to be prescribed in the Statutes;
    (v). to grant diplomas, certificates or other distinctions to persons who shall have
    pursued a prescribed course of study under prescribed conditions;
    (vi). to withdraw or cancel degrees, titles, diplomas, certificates or other
    distinctions under conditions that may be prescribed by the Statutes, after giving the
    person affected a reasonable opportunity to present his case;
    (vii). to maintain, supervise and control the residence and discipline of students
    of the University, Colleges and recognized institutions and to make arrangements for
    promoting their health and general welfare;
    (viii). to recognize hostels which are maintained by bodies other than the
    University and to withdraw such recognition;
    (ix). to exercise such control over the students as will ensure their physical and
    moral well-being;
    (x). to constitute a Board to entertain and if it thinks fit to adjudicate and to
    redress any grievances of the students of colleges, who may for any reason be aggrieved
    otherwise than by an act of any court;
    [12][“(xa) to fix the minimum infrastructural facilities that shall be provided in an
    un-aided college;]
    [13][“(xb) to fix the qualification of teachers and non-teaching staff of an un-aided
    college;”;]
    (xi). to fix the fees payable to the University and to demand and receive such fees;
    (xii). to fix and regulate, with the previous sanction of the Government, the fees
    payable in colleges and recognized institutions affiliated to the University;
    (xiii). with the previous sanction of the Government to regulate the emoluments
    and pattern and to prescribe the duties and conditions of service of teachers and nonteaching staff in private colleges;
    (xiv). to hold and manage endowments and bursaries and to institute and award
    fellowships, scholarships, studentships, medals and prizes and to organize exhibitions;
    (xv). to institute and provide funds wherever necessary for the maintenance of—
  4. a Students’ Advisory Bureau;
  5. an employment Bureau;
  6. a University Union for Students;
  7. University Athletic Clubs;
  8. the National Cadet Corps;
  9. the National Service Corps
  10. University Extension Boards;
  11. Students’ Cultural and Debating Societies;
  12. a Translation and Publication Bureau; and
  13. co-operative societies and other similar institutions for promoting
    the welfare of students and employees of the University;
    (xvi) to co-operate with other Universities or any authorities or associations in
    such manner and for such purposes as the University may determine;
    (xvii) to do all such other acts and things whether incidental to the powers
    aforesaid or not, as may be requisite in order to further the objects of the University as a
    teaching and examining body, and to cultivate and promote arts, science and other
    branches of learning;
    (xviii) to take and hold any property, movable or immovable, which may become
    vested in it for the purpose of the University by purchase, grant, testamentary disposition
    or otherwise and to grant, demise, alienate or otherwise dispose of all or any of the
    properties belonging to the University and also to do all other acts incidental or
    appertaining to a body corporate;
    (xix) to direct, manage and control all immovable and movable properties
    transferred to the University by the Government;
    (xx) to co-ordinate, supervise, regulate and control the conduct of teaching and
    research work in the affiliated colleges and the institutions recognized by the University;
    (xxi). to define the powers and duties of the officers of the University other
    than those provided in this Act;
    (xxii). to provide for the inspection of affiliated colleges and to issue such
    directions as the University may deem fit;
    (xxiii). to establish, maintain and manage colleges, institutes of research and
    other institutions of higher studies;
    (xxiv). to affiliate to itself colleges in accordance with the provisions of this
    Act and the Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations and to withdraw affiliation of colleges;
    (xxv). to institute professorships, readerships, lecturerships and any other
    teaching and research posts required by the University and to appoint persons to such
    professorships, readerships, lecturerships and other teaching and research posts;
    (xxvi)to establish, maintain and manage hostels;
    (xxvii)with the previous sanction of the Government as regards the purpose
    and amount of loan and subject to such conditions as may be specified by the
    Government as to security and rate of interest, to borrow any sum of money from the
    Central Government, any other Government, or any other incorporated body; and
    (xxviii). generally to do such other acts for carrying out the purposes of this
    Act.
  14. University open to all classes and creeds.—No person shall, on grounds only of
    religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence language, political opinion or
    any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against, in respect of any employment or
    office under the University or membership of any of the authorities or bodies of the
    University or admission to any degree or course of study in the University:
    Provided that the University may, in consultation with the Government, affiliate
    any college or recognise any institution, exclusively for women either for education,
    instruction or residence, or reserve for women or members of socially and educationally
    backward classes or of Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes, places for the purpose of
    admission as students in any college or institution maintained or controlled by the
    University.
    CHAPTER III
    THE CHANCELLOR[14] [xxxxx] AND OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY
  15. The Chancellor.- (1) The Governor of Kerala shall, by virtue of his office be the
    Chancellor of the University.
    (2) The Chancellor shall be the head of the University and shall, when present,
    preside [15] [xxxx] at any convocation of the University.
    (3). All the authorities of the University shall be subordinate to the Chancellor.
    (4). The Chancellor may, by order in writing, annul any proceeding of any of
    the authorities of the University which is not in conformity with this Act, the Statutes, the
    Ordinances, the Regulations, the rules or the bye-laws:
    Provided that, before making any such order; the Chancellor shall call upon
    such authority to show cause why such an order should not be made and consider the
    cause, if any, shown by such authority within a reasonable time.
    (5). The Chancellor shall, when an emergency arises, have the right to suspend
    or dismiss any of the authorities of the University and to take measures for the interim
    administration of the University.
    (6). Every proposal for the conferment of an honorary degree shall be subject to
    confirmation by the Chancellor.
    (7). An appeal shall lie to the Chancellor against any order of dismissal passed
    by the Syndicate or the Vice Chancellor against any person in the service of the
    University.
    (8). An appeal under sub-section (7) shall be filed within sixty days from the
    date of service of the order of dismissal on the person concerned.
    (9). The Chancellor shall, before passing any order on an appeal under subsection (7) refer the matter for advice to a Tribunal appointed by him for the purpose.
    (10). The Chancellor shall have power to remove the Vice-Chancellor or the
    Pro-Vice-Chancellor from office by an order in writing on charges of misappropriation or
    mismanagement of funds or misbehaviour:
    Provided that such charges are provided by an enquiry conducted by a person
    who is or has been a judge of the High Court or the Supreme Court appointed by the
    Chancellor for the purpose:
    Provided further that the Vice Chancellor or the Pro-Vice Chancellor shall not
    be removed under this section unless he has been given a reasonable opportunity of
    showing cause against the action proposed to be taken against him.
    (11). The Chancellor shall have such other powers as may be conferred on him
    by this Act or the Statutes.
  16. [16] [xxxxxxxxx]
  17. Officers of the University.-The following shall be the officers of the University,
    namely:-
    (i). the Vice Chancellor;
    (ii). the Pro-Vice Chancellor;
    (iii). the Registrar;
    (iv). the Controller of Examination
    [17][(ivA) The Deans of Faculties;]
    (v). the Finance Officer; and
    (vi). such other officers in the service of the University, as may be declared by
    the Statutes to be officers of the University.
  18. The Vice-Chancellor.-(1) The Vice-Chancellor shall be appointed by the Chancellor
    on the recommendation as hereinafter provided of a Committee appointed by him for the
    purpose (hereinafter referred to as the Committee).
    (2). The Committee shall consist of three members, one elected by the Senate, one
    nominated by the Chairman of the University Grants Commission and the third
    nominated by the Chancellor:
    . Provided that no person holding any office under the University shall be
    nominated as a member of the Committee.
    (3). The Chancellor shall appoint one of the members of the Committee to
    be its convener.
    (4). The Committee shall make its recommendation within [18][a period of
    five months of its appointment or within such further period not exceeding one month, as
    the Chancellor may specify in this behalf.]
    (5). In case the Committee unanimously recommends the name of only
    one person, the Chancellor shall appoint that person to be the Vice Chancellor.
    (6). In case the Committee is unable to recommend a name unanimously,
    the Vice-Chancellor shall be appointed by the Chancellor from among a panel of three
    names submitted to him by the committee within the period [19][ specified in or under
    sub-section (4)]
    (7). In case the Committee fails to make a unanimous recommendation as
    provided in sub-section (5) or to submit a panel as provided in sub-section (6), the Vice
    Chancellor shall be appointed by the Chancellor from among a panel of three names
    submitted to him by a majority of the members of the Committee within the period
    [20][specified in or under sub-section (4)].
    (8). Non-submission of a name under sub-section (7) by any member of the
    Committee shall not invalidate the appointment of the Vice-Chancellor.
    (9). [21][No person shall hold office of the Vice-Chancellor beyond the age
    of sixty-Five years]
    (10). The Vice Chancellor shall [22][subject to sub-section (9)] hold
    office for a term of four years from the date on which he enters upon his office and shall
    be eligible for re-appointment:
    Provided that a person shall not be appointed as Vice-Chancellor for more
    than two terms.
    [23] [(11) The remuneration payable to, and the other conditions of service of
    the Vice-Chancellor shall be such as may be prescribed by the Statutes.]
    (12) The Vice-Chancellor shall be the principal academic and executive
    officer of the University and all the Officers of the University shall be under his
    administrative control.
    (13) The Vice-Chancellor shall be the Chairman of the Senate, the Syndicate,
    the Academic Council, [24] [xxx] and the Finance Committee and shall be entitled to be
    present at and to address any meeting of any authority of the University, but shall not be
    entitled to vote thereat unless he is a member of the authority concerned.
    (14). In the event of equality of votes at any meeting of the Senate, the
    Syndicate or the Academic Council or of any other authority, at which the ViceChancellor is the Chairman, he shall have and exercise a casting vote.
    (15). It shall be duty of the Vice-Chancellor to ensure that the provisions of
    this Act, the Statutes, the Ordinances, the Regulations, the rules and the by-laws are
    faithfully observed and carried out, and he shall have all powers necessary for this
    purpose.
    (16). The Vice-Chancellor shall have the right of visiting and inspecting
    colleges and other institutions maintained by, or affiliated to, the University.
    (17). If at any time, except when the Syndicate or the Academic council is in
    session, the Vice-Chancellor is satisfied that an emergency has arisen, requiring him to
    taken immediate action involving the exercise of any power vested in the Syndicate or
    the Academic Council by or under this Act, the Vice Chancellor may take such action as
    he deems fit and shall, at the next session of the Syndicate or the Academic Council, as
    the case may be, report the action taken by him to that authority for such action as it may
    consider necessary [25][ and that authority may, after considering the action taken by the
    Vice-Chancellor is of the view that such action shall not have been taken by him, refer
    the matter to the Chancellor whose decision thereon shall be final.]
    (18). Subject to the provisions of the Statutes and the Ordinances, the ViceChancellor shall have power to appoint, suspend, dismiss or otherwise punish any
    member of the establishment of the University below the rank of Deputy Registrar:
    Provided that he may delegate any of his powers under this sub-section to the ProVice-Chancellor or the Registrar.
    (19). The Vice Chancellor shall have power to convene meetings of the Senate,
    the Syndicate, the Academic Council and any other authorities of the University.
    (20). Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or in the Statutes or
    Ordinances made or deemed to have been made thereunder, the Vice-Chancellor may, if
    he is satisfied that the number of examiners in the panel of examiners approved by the
    Syndicate for the conduct of an examination is not sufficient for the conduct of that
    examination and that approval of another panel of examiners by the Syndicate will entail
    delay in the conduct of such examination, nominate such additional number of examiners
    as may be necessary for the conduct of such examination.
    (21). Any person nominated by the Vice-Chancellor under sub-section (20) shall
    be deemed to be an examiner included in the panel approved by the Syndicate.
    (22). It shall be the duty of the Vice-Chancellor to see that the proceedings of the
    University are carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Act, the Statutes, the
    Ordinances, the Regulations, the rules and the bye-laws and to report to the Chancellor
    every proceedings which is not in conformity with such provisions.
    (23). The Vice-Chancellor shall exercise such other powers and perform such
    other functions as may be prescribed by the Statutes.
    (24). In the event of a temporary vacancy occurring in the office of the Vice
    chancellor, or where the Vice-Chancellor is temporarily absent, the Pro-Vice Chancellor
    shall exercise the powers and perform the duties of the Vice-Chancellor [26] [and the
    event of temporary vacancies occurring in the officers of the Vice-Chancellor and the
    Pro-Vice Chancellor or where the Vice-Chancellor and the Pro-Vice-Chancellor are
    temporarily absent the seniormost professor in the University shall exercise the powers
    and perform the duties of the Vice chancellor]
    (25). In the event of a permanent vacancy occurring in the office of the Vice
    Chancellor, the Chancellor shall initiate action for the appointment of the Vice
    Chancellor within one month of the occurrence of the vacancy and pending such
    appointment make necessary arrangements for exercising the powers and performing the
    duties of the Vice Chancellor.
  19. The Pro-Vice-Chancellor.-(1) The Chancellor may, if he considers it necessary,
    appoint a Pro-Vice Chancellor [27][from among a panel of names submitted to him by
    the Vice-Chancellor]
    (2). No person who is more than fifty-six years of age shall be appointed as
    Pro-Chancellor.
    (3). The Pro Vice Chancellor shall be a whole time salaried officer of the
    University.
    [28][(4) The appointment of the Pro-Vice-Chancellor shall be coterminus
    with that of the Vice-Chancellor.]
    (4)[29] [The salary and the other conditions of service of the Pro-Vice
    Chancellor shall be such as may be prescribed by the Statutes.]
    (6) [30] [Subject to the provisions of this Act and the Statutes, Ordinances
    and Regulations, the powers and functions of the Pro-Vice-Chancellor shall be
    determined by the Vice-Chancellor.]
  20. The Registrar.-(1) [31] [the Syndicate shall appoint a person selected by the
    Government from among a panel containing the names of three persons furnished to the
    Government by a selection committee appointed by the Syndicate consisting of three
    members headed by the Vice-Chancellor, as the Registrar of the University for such
    period and on such terms as may be prescribed by the Statutes]
    (2). The Registrar shall be a whole time salaried officer of the University and
    shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the statutes.
    (3). Suits by or against the University shall be instituted by or against the
    Registrar.
  21. The Controller of Examinations.—(1) [32] [The Syndicate shall appoint a
    person selected by the Government from among a panel containing the names of three
    persons furnished to the Government by a selection committee appointed by the
    Syndicate, consisting of three members headed by the Vice Chancellor, as Controller of
    Examinations of the University for such period and on such terms as may be prescribed
    by the Statutes].
    (2). The Controller of Examinations shall be a whole time salaried officer of
    the University and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as may be
    prescribed by the Statutes.
  22. The Finance Officer.—(1) [33] [The Syndicate shall appoint a person selected
    by the Government from among a panel containing the names of three persons furnished
    to the Government by a section committee appointed by the Syndicate, consisting of three
    members headed by the Vice-Chancellor, as the Finance Officer of the University for
    such period and on such terms as may be prescribed by the Statutes]
    (2). The Finance Officer shall be a whole time salaried Officer of the
    University and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed
    by the Statutes.]
  23. Appointments to be notified.—The appointments of the Vice Chancellor, the
    Pro-Vice-Chancellor, the Registrar, the Controller of Examinations and the Finance
    Officer shall be notified in the Gazette
    CHAPTER IV
    AUTHORITIES OF THE UNIVERSITY
  24. Authorities of the University.-The following shall be authorities of the
    University namely:-
    (i). the Senate;
    (ii). the Syndicate;
    (iii). the Academic Council;
    (iv). the Faculties;
    (v). the Board of Studies
    (vi). the Students’ council.
    (vii). the Finance Committee;
    (viii). the Planning Board; and
    (ix). such other boards or bodies of the University as may be declared
    by the Statutes to be authorities of the University.
  25. Senate.—The Senate shall consist of the following members, namely:-
    Ex Officio Members
    (1). The Chancellor.
    (2). * [34][]
    (3). The Vice-Chancellor
    (4). The Pro-Vice Chancellor
    (5). The Finance Secretary to Government or an officer not below the rank
    of Joint Secretary nominated by him.
    (6). The Director of Public Instruction
    (7). The Director of Collegiate Education.
    (8). The Secretary to Government or an officer not below the rank of Joint
    Secretary to Government, General Education Department to be nominated by the
    Government.
    (9). The Secretary to Government or an officer not below the rank of Joint
    Secretary to Government, Higher Education Department, to be nominated by the
    Government.
    [35] [“(9a) The Secretary to Government, Information Technology
    Department or an officer of the Information Technology Department not below the rank
    of a Joint Secretary, nominated by him.”]
    (10). The Director of Technical Education
    (11). The Director of Medical Education
    (12). The Chairman, State Advisory Board of Education.
    (13). Seven heads of University departments who are not otherwise
    members of the Senate, to be nominated in the order of seniority by the Chancellor by
    rotation.
    (14). Four Deans of the Faculties of the University who are not otherwise
    members of the Senate, to be nominated in the order of seniority by the Chancellor by
    rotation
    (15). The Chairman of the University Union.

Elected Members
(1). Eleven Principals elected from among themselves of whom two shall be
from among Principals of Government Colleges, one from among Principals of
professional colleges and one from among Principals of junior colleges.
(2).[36][ **.]
(3). Six members elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly of
Kerala from among the members representing the electorate of the University area, of
whom one shall be a member of a Scheduled Caste.
(4). Three members elected by the teachers of the University from among
themselves.
(5). Three members elected by the teachers of Government colleges from
among themselves.
(6). Sixteen members elected by the teachers of private colleges from among
themselves.
(7). Three members elected by the Mayors of Municipal Corporations, the
Chairman of municipalities and the Presidents of Panchayats within the University area
from among themselves, of whom one shall be the Mayor of a Municipal Corporation or
the Chairman of a municipality.
(8). Two members elected by the registered Trade Unions in the University
area designated by Statutes, from among their members.
(9). One member elected by the members of the non-teaching staff of the
University from among themselves.
(10). Three members elected by the members of the non-teaching staff of the
affiliated colleges from among themselves of whom one shall be a member of the nonteaching staff of a Government College.
(11). Three members elected by the managers of the private colleges in
the University area from among themselves.
(12). Fifteen members elected by the members of the General Council of the
University Union from among full-time students, of whom one shall be a post graduate
student, one shall be a research scholar, one shall be the student of a professional college,
five shall be lady students, one shall be a member of a Scheduled Caste and one shall be a
member of a Scheduled Tribe.
Other Member
(1). Two headmasters of High Schools and two teachers of schools, situated within
the University area, nominated by the Chancellor.
(2). Not more than eleven members nominated by the Chancellor representing:
(i) recognized research institution; (ii) recognized cultural associations; (iii) chambers of
commerce; (iv) industries; (v) authors; (vi) journalists; (vii) lawyers; (viii) sports and
games; (ix) linguistic minorities; (x) artists; and (xi) Anglo-Indians.
(3). Four students nominated by the Chancellor, one having outstanding
academic ability in humanities, one having outstanding ability in science, one having
outstanding ability in sports and one having outstanding ability in fine arts.
[37][“(4) Not more-than four experts nominated by the Government from the
fields of Information Technology and Bio-Technology.]

  1. Reconstitution of the Senate.—(1) The Senate shall be reconstituted every four
    years.
    (2). The term of office of any members referred to in items (13) and (14) under
    the heading “Ex officio members” in section 17 shall be two years from the date of his
    nomination.
    (3). Every member of the Senate, other than ex-officio members, shall, subject
    to the provisions of this Act and the Statutes, hold office until the next reconstitution of
    the Senate:
    Provided that no member nominated or elected in his capacity as a member of a
    particular body or as the holder of a particular office shall hold office for a longer period
    than three months after he has ceased to be such member or holder of such office, unless
    in the meanwhile he again becomes a member of that electorate: Provided further that where an elected or nominated member of the Senate is
    appointed temporarily to any office, by virtue of which he is entitled to be a member of
    the Senate ex-officio, he shall, by notice in writing signed by him and communicated to
    the Vice-Chancellor within seven days from the date of his taking charge of his
    appointment, choose whether he will continue to be a member of the Senate by virtue of
    his election or nomination or whether he will vacate office as such member and become a
    member ex-officio by virtue of his appointment, and such choice shall be final:
    Provided also that the term of office of a member referred to in item (12) under
    the heading “Elected Members” in section 17 or of a member referred to in item (3) under
    the heading “Other Members” in that section shall be one year from the date of his
    election or nomination, as the case may be.
    Explanation.-For the removal of doubts it is hereby clarified that a member
    referred to in the preceding proviso shall not cease to be such member solely on the
    ground that he has ceased to be a student within the period of one year specified in that
    proviso.
    (4). Notwithstanding anything contained in the first proviso to sub-section (3), a
    principal elected under item (1), or a teacher of a Government college elected under item
    (5), or a teacher of a private college elected under item (6), or a member of the nonteaching staff of an affiliated college elected under item (10), under the heading “Elected
    Members” in section 17 shall not cease to be a member of the Senate merely on the
    ground—
    (a). that he has been transferred to an educational institution within the State,
    situated beyond the territorial limits of the University or,
    (b). that the college of which he is the principal or in which he is a teacher or
    a member of the non-teaching staff has been transferred to another University; or
    (c). in the case of a teacher, that he has been promoted as principal,
    (5). Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or in the Statutes, no person
    elected under item (2) under the heading “Elected Members”. in section 17 shall cease to
    be a member of the Senate merely on the ground that he has ceased to be employed or
    normally resident within the territorial limits of the University.
    (6). On failure of a member to make the choice under the second proviso to subsection (3), he shall be deemed to have vacated his office as an elected or nominated
    member.
    (7). When a person ceases to be a member of the Senate, he shall cease to be a
    member of any of the authorities of the University of which he may happen to be a
    member by virtue of his membership of the Senate.
  2. Powers and function of the Senate.— [38][Save as otherwise expressly
    provided in this Act, the Senate shall have the following powers, namely:-
    (a). to review, from time to time, the broad policies and programmes of the
    University;
    (b). to suggest measures for the improvement and development of the
    University;
    (d). to consider and pass resolution on the annual report and the annual
    accounts of the University and the audit report on such accounts; and
    (e). to advise the Chancellor in respect of any matter which may be referred
    to it for advice].
  3. Meetings of the Senate.—(1) The Senate shall meet at least once in four
    months on dates to be fixed by the Vice Chancellor and one of such meetings shall be
    called the annual meeting.
    (2) One-fifth of the total number of members of the Senate shall be the
    quorum for a meeting of the Senate:
    [39] [xxxxxxxxxxx]
    (3). The Vice-Chancellor may, whenever he thinks fit and shall, within
    thirty days of the receipt of a requisition in writing signed by not less than one-fourth of
    the total number of members of the Senate convene a special meeting of the Senate.
    (4). When a special meeting is convened on requisition, no subject other
    than that shown in the requisition shall be considered at the meeting.
  4. The Syndicate.—The Syndicate shall be the chief executive body of the
    University and shall consist of the following members namely:- Ex-officio Members
    (a). The Vice-Chancellor
    (b). The Pro-Vice Chancellor
    (c). The Secretary to Government, Higher Education Department or an officer
    not below the rank of joint Secretary nominated by him.
    [40][(d) The Secretary to Government, Finance Department or an Officer not
    below the rank of Joint Secretary nominated by him.]
    [41][(e) The Director of Collegiate Education.]
    [42][“(f) The Secretary to Government, Information Technology Department
    or an officer of the Information Technology Department not below the rank of a Joint
    Secretary, nominated by him,”;]
    Other Members
    [43][(a) Two eminent Educationists or Scientists nominated by the Government.]
    [44][(b) Three Deans of Faculties nominated by the Chancellor, by rotation.]
    [45] [(c) Two principals of colleges affiliated to the University nominated by the
    Government.]
    [46][(d) Three teachers of colleges nominated by the Government of whom one shall be a
    member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe]
    [47][“(e) The members referred to in item (4) under the heading “Other Members” in
    section 17, nominated by the Government.”]
  5. Term of office of members of Syndicate.—(1) Members of the Syndicate,
    other than ex-officio members, shall hold office for a term of four years from the date of
    their [48][nomination]
    Provided that no person [49]][nominated] in his capacity as a member of a
    particular body or as the holder of a particular office shall be a member of the Syndicate
    for a longer period than three months after he has ceased to be such member or holder of
    such office unless in the meanwhile he again becomes a member of that [50][body] or
    the holder of that office:
    [51][xxxxxxxxx]
    Provided [52][further] that a member other than ex-officio member shall,
    notwithstanding the expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his successor is
    [53][nominated]:
    Provided also that no person other than an ex-officio member shall be eligible to
    hold office for more than two terms in succession.
    [54][(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the first proviso to sub-section
    (1), a member of the Syndicate referred to in item (c) or in item (d) under the heading
    “Other Members” in section 21 shall not cease to be such member merely on the ground
    that—].
  6. he has been transferred to an educational institution within the State,
    situated beyond the territorial limits of the University; or
  7. the college of which he is the principal or in which he is a teacher has been
    transferred to another University; or
  8. in the case of a teacher, he has been promoted as principal..
  9. Powers of Syndicate.-Subject to the provisions of this Act and the Statutes, the
    executive powers of the University including the general superintendence and control
    over the institutions of the University shall be vested in the Syndicate and subject
    likewise the Syndicate shall have the following powers, namely:-
    (i). to affiliate institutions in accordance with the terms and conditions of
    such affiliation prescribed in this Act and the Statutes;
    (ii). to make [55][statutes and ordinances] and to amend or repeal the same;
    (iii). [56] [xxxxx]
    (iv). to hold, control and administer the properties and funds of the
    University;
    (v). to direct the form, custody and use of the common seal;
    (vi). to arrange for and direct the inspection of colleges, hostels and other
    institutions and to constitute a Board of Inspection for that purpose;
    (vii). to establish, maintain and manage colleges and institutes of research and
    other institutions of higher learning as it may from time to time deem necessary;
    (viii). to appoint teachers and other employees of the University and prescribe
    their duties.
    (ix). to create administrative, ministerial and other necessary posts:
    Provided that no post shall be created by the Syndicate without prior approval of
    the Government if creation of such post involves expenditure in excess of the budgetary
    provision.
    [57] [xxxxxxxxx]
    (x) to suspend, discharge, dismiss or otherwise take any disciplinary action
    against teachers and other employees of the University after giving them reasonable
    opportunity to defend their position;
    (xi) with the previous sanction of the Government, to fix and regulate the fee
    payable by students in colleges affiliated to the University; [58] [(xii) to institute and award fellowships, scholarships, studentships,
    bursaries, medals and prizes and to organize exhibitions,]
    (xiii) to maintain, supervise and control the residence and discipline of
    students;
    (xiv) to consider the financial estimates of the University and submit them to
    the Senate in accordance with the provisions of the Statutes made in this behalf;
    (xv) to conduct University examinations and approve and publish the results
    thereof;
    (xvi) to appoint members to the Boards of Studies;
    (xvii) to approve panel of examiners and to fix their remuneration;
    (xviii) to approve the appointment of teachers in private colleges;
    ( xix) to delegate any of its powers to the Vice-Chancellor or to a committee
    appointed from among its members;
    (xx) to arrange for and direct the investigation into the affairs of Private
    colleges, to issue instructions for maintaining their efficiency, for ensuring proper
    conditions of employment of members of their staff and payment of adequate salaries to
    them and in case of disregard of such instructions, to modify the conditions of affiliation
    or recognition or take such other steps as it deems proper in that behalf;
    (xxi) to withhold or cancel the result of any candidate at any University
    examination;
    (xxii) to accept endowments, bequests, donations and transfers of any
    movable and immovable properties to the University on its behalf, provided that all such
    endowments, bequests, donations and transfer shall be reported to the Senate at its next
    meeting;
    (xxiii) to exercise the powers of the University under clause (xxvii) of section
    5;
    [59][(xxiv) to determine what degrees, diplomas and other academic
    distinctions shall be granted by the University;]
    (xxv) to cancel or amend by a majority of the total membership of the
    Syndicate and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and
    voting, any Regulation passed by the Academic Council:
    Provided that no Regulation shall be cancelled or amended by the Syndicate
    without giving the Academic Council an opportunity to state its opinion on the proposed
    cancellation or amendment;
    (xxvi) to institute professorships, readerships, lecturerships and such other
    teaching or research posts as it may deem necessary:
    Provided that no professorship, readership, lecturership or other teaching or
    research post shall be instituted by the Syndicate without the previous approval of the
    Government if it involves expenditure in excess of the budgetary provision;
    (xxvii) to prescribe with the previous concurrence of the Government the terms
    and conditions of service of the employees of the University:
    (xxviii) to regulate, with the previous concurrence of the Government the
    emoluments and prescribe the duties and conditions of service of teachers and nonteaching staff of private colleges;
    (xxix). to prepare the budget according to the provisions of the Statutes;
    (xxx). to cancel any degree, diploma, title or any other distinction granted
    to any person, in accordance with the provisions of the Statutes;
    (xxxi). to appoint committees and to delegate to them such functions as it
    may deem fit;
    (xxxii). to make Statutes regulating the method of election to the
    authorities of the University, the procedure of the meeting of the Senate, the Syndicate
    and other authorities of the University and the quorum of members required for the
    transaction of business by the authorities of the University other than the Senate:
    (xxxiii). to recommend to the Government the recognition of any local
    area within the University area as a University center;
    (xxxiv). to co-operate with other Universities and other authorities in such
    manner and for such purposes as it may determine;
    (xxxv). to exercise such other powers and perform such other duties as
    may be prescribed by this Act, the Statutes, the Ordinances, the rules, the bye-laws and
    the orders].
  10. The Academic Council.-(1) The Academic Council shall be the academic body
    of the University..
    (2). The Academic council shall, subject to the provisions of this Act and the
    Statutes, control and regulate, and be responsible for the maintenance of standards, of
    instruction, education and examinations within the University, and shall exercise such
    other powers and perform such other duties as may be conferred or imposed upon it by
    the Statutes.
    (3). The Academic Council shall consist of the following members, namely:-
    (a). the Vice-Chancellor;
    (b). the Pro-Vice-Chancellor;
    (c). the Director of Public Instruction;
    (d). the Director of Technical Education
    (e). the Director of Collegiate Education;
    (f). the Director of Research and Studies;
    (g). the Director of Physical Education
    (h). the Director of Medical Education;
    (i). the Deans of Faculties;
    (j). [60][xxxxx]
    (k). all the Heads of University Departments of Study and Research who are
    not Deans of Faculties;
    (l). all members of the Syndicate who are not otherwise members of the
    Academic Council;
    (m). five members (other than Deans of Faculties) of whom at least one shall
    be a Principal of a Government professional college [61][nominated by the Government
    from the principals of professional colleges, by rotation according to seniority;]
    (n). seven members (other than Deans of Faculties) of whom at least one shall
    be a Principal of a Government college, [62][nominated by the Government from the
    principals of first grade colleges other than colleges of oriental languages, by rotation
    according to seniority;]
    (o). 63 two members (other than Deans of Faculties) nominated by the
    Government from the principals of junior colleges, by rotation according to seniority;]
    (p). one Principal of a college of oriental languages, not being a Dean of
    faculty, nominated by the [64][Government] by rotation according to seniority;
    [65][(q) one member each of every subject to study [not being a Dean of
    Faculty or head of University Department or Principal) nominated by the Government by
    rotation according to seniority;]
    (r). one headmaster and one teacher of a secondary school in a the
    Universityarea nominated by the [66][Government;]
    (s). one member representing each faculty, elected by the full time post
    graduate students, of the faculty from among themselves;
    (t). seven external experts to be nominated by the [67][Government] of whom
    two shall be experts in commerce, business management or industrial technology.
    (4). Members of the Academic Council, other than the members specified in
    clauses (a) to (h) of sub-section (3), shall hold office for a term of four years from the
    date of their appointment or nomination, as the case may be:
    Provided that a person who has become a member of the Academic Council in
    the capacity of a student shall cease to hold office on his ceasing to be a student:
    Provided further that a person who has become a member of the Academic
    council in the capacity of a post-graduate student shall cease to hold office on his ceasing
    to be a post-graduate student.
  11. Powers and duties of Academic Council.-Subject to the provisions of this Act
    and the Statutes, the Academic Council shall have the following powers, duties and
    functions, namely:-
    (i). to advise the Senate and the Syndicate on all academic matters;
    (ii). to make Regulations and to amend or repeal the same;
    (iii). to prescribe the courses of studies in the institutions maintained by, or affiliated to,
    the University;
    (iv). to prescribe the qualifications of teachers;
    (a). in colleges; and
    (b). in the institutions maintained by the University;
    (v). to prescribe the qualifications for admission of students to the various courses of
    studies and to the examinations and the conditions under which exemptions may be
    granted;
    (vi). to make provision for the admission of students to the various courses of studies on
    the basis of merit in order to maintain standards of education;
    (vii). to make proposals for the instruction and training in such branches of learning as it
    may think fit;
    (viii). to make proposals for research and advancement and dissemination of knowledge;
    (ix). to make proposals for the institution of professorships, readerships, lecturerships and
    other teaching and research posts required by the University;
    (x). to make proposals for the institution of fellowships, traveling fellowships,
    scholarship; studentships, medals and prizes;
    (xi).to make proposals for determining what degrees, diplomas and other academic
    distinctions shall be granted by the University;
    (xii). to decide what examinations of other Universities may be accepted as equivalent to
    those of the University and to negotiate with other Universities for the recognition of the
    examinations of the University;
    (xiii). to arrange for the co-ordination of studies and teaching in affiliated colleges and
    recognized institutions;
    (xiv). to exercise such other powers and perform such other duties as may be conferred to
    imposed on it by this Act or the Statutes, Ordinances, Regulations, Rules, or Bye-laws.
  12. Faculties.—(1) The University may have such faculties as may be prescribed by the
    Statutes from time to time.
    (2). Each faculty shall, subject to the control of the Academic Council, have charge of the
    teaching, and the courses of study and research in such subjects as may be assigned to
    such faculty by the Ordinances or Regulations.
    (3). Each Faculty shall consist of—
    (a). the Chairman of the Boards of Studies comprised in the faculty;
    [(b) [68][two members from each Board of Studies nominated by the
    Syndicate, who are teachers of the University and of the colleges or institutions by
    rotation
    (c) [69][ not less than five and not more than ten members nominated
    by the Syndicate from among teachers, by rotation;]
    (d). two members, to be nominated by the Syndicate who are from
    outside the University on the basis of their expert knowledge.]
    (4). each faculty shall comprise such departments of teaching as may be
    prescribed by the Ordinances.
    (5). Subject to the provisions of this Act each faculty shall exercise such
    powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the Statutes.
    (6). The members of faculties mentioned in sub-section (3) shall hold office for
    a period of three years from the date of their nomination [70][xxxxxx]
  13. Deans of faculties.—(1) There shall be a Dean of each faculty, who shall be
    nominated by the Chancellor in consultation with the Vice Chancellor by rotation from
    among the Heads of University Departments or Professors.
    [71] [“(1A) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where a
    University Department has not been started under a faculty, the Dean of such faculty
    shall be nominated by the Chancellor in consultation with the Vice Chancellor, from
    among the Heads of Departments are Professors of other Universities in the State or
    affiliated Government Colleges for professional courses, in the University area.”;]
    (2).The Dean of each faculty shall be responsible for the due observance of
    the Statutes, Ordinances, Regulations and Bye-laws relating to that faculty.
    (3). The Dean of a faculty shall hold office for a term of two years and shall
    be eligible for renomination.
  14. Boards of Studies.—(1) There shall be a Board of Studies attached to each
    Department of Study in the University;
    [72] [(A) Each Board of Studies shall consist of—
    (a). the Head of the Department as its Chairman;
    (b). such number of members as may be prescribed by the Statutes, nominated by the
    Chancellor from among the teachers of the University and of the Colleges, by rotation
    (c). such number of members as may be prescribed by the Statutes, nominated by the
    Chancellor from among persons who are experts in the field of education.]
    Provided however that post-graduate studies in each department may have separate
    Board of Studies.
    (2) The [73][xxxxx] powers of the Boards of Studies shall be prescribed by
    the Statutes.
    (3) Members of the Boards of Studies shall hold office for a period of three
    years from the date of their entering upon office.
    [74] [28A. Dean of students.—(1) There shall be a Dean of students who shall
    be nominated by the Chancellor in consultation with the Vice Chancellor from among the
    students.
    (2). The Dean of students shall hold office for a period of two years from the
    date of nomination and shall be eligible for renomination.
    (3). The Dean of students shall have such functions as may be prescribed by the
    Statutes.]
  15. Students’ Council.-(1) There shall be a Students’ Council in the University.
    (2). The Students’ Council shall consist of the following members, namely:-

Ex-officio-Members
[75] [(a) A senior member from among the Faculties nominated by the Chancellor
who shall be the Chairman of the Council.]
(b). The Chairman of the University Union.
(c). The General Secretary of the University Union
(d). The Director, National Cadet Corps.
(e). The Officer in charge of the National Service Scheme in the University.
(f). The Director of Physical Education
(g). The Director of Youth Affairs who shall be the Vice-Chairman of the Council.
[76][(h) The Dean of students.]

Elected Members
(a). Fifteen members, not being members of the Senate or the Academic Council,
elected by the members of the General council of the University Union from among
themselves, of whom five shall be women and two shall be members of a Scheduled
Caste or a Scheduled Tribe.
(b). Three members elected from among the full-time students of the departments
of the University in such manner as may be prescribed.
(c). Two members, other than students, elected by the members of the Senate from
among themselves.
(d). One member elected by the members of the Syndicate from among
themselves.
(e). One member elected by the members of the Academic Council from among
themselves.
Other Members
Five students who have distinguished themselves in academic field, sports or fine
arts, nominated by the Vice Chancellor after giving due consideration to the
representation of special interests.
(3) A member nominated by the Vice-Chancellor in consultation with the
Chairman of the University Union, from among the elected student members of the
Council shall be the Secretary to the Council.
(4) The members of the Students’ Council other than ex-officio members shall
hold office for a term of one year from the date of their election or nomination, as the
case may be.

  1. Powers and duties of Students’ Council.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this
    Act and the Statutes, the Students’ council shall have the following powers, duties and
    functions, namely:–
    (a) to make recommendations to the Syndicate and to the Academic Council in matters
    affecting the academic work of the students, such as the structure of courses and pattern
    of instruction, the corporate life of the University in so far as it concerns the Students,
    and the co-curricular and extra-curricular activities in the University;
    (b). to make suggestions to the syndicate and the Academic Council in respect of all rules
    relating to discipline or welfare of the Students, sports, working of literary and other
    societies, management of hostels, student homes and non-resident student centers,
    extension work, social work, students health, National Service Scheme and National
    Cadet Corps and such other matters as may be specified in the Statutes;
    (c). to communicate its views, observations and recommendations to any authority of the
    University in respect of any matter which concerns the students:
    Provided that if any question arises as to whether a matter does or does not
    concern the students, the question shall be decided by the Chairman of the Students’
    Council and his decision shall be final;
    (d). to take such steps as are necessary for the general welfare of students;
    (e). to exercise such other powers and perform such other duties as may be conferred or
    imposed on it by this Act or the Statutes, Ordinances or Regulations.
    [77][(2) The Chairman of the Students’ Council shall cause to be laid before the
    Syndicate] and the Students’ Council in such manner as may be prescribed by the
    Statutes, periodical reports detailing the recommendations and suggestions made by the
    Students’ Council, the action taken thereon by the authorities to which such
    recommendations and suggestions were made, and if no action was taken by the
    authorities to which such recommendations and suggestions were made, the reason
    thereof.
  2. Finance Committee.—(1) There shall be a Finance Committee to give advice
    to the University on any question affecting its finances.
    (2). The Finance Committee shall consist of the following members, namely:-
    (a)the Vice-Chancellor, who shall be the Chairman;
    (b). the Pro-Vice Chancellor, if any;
    (c)one member elected by the members of the Senate from among themselves;
    [78][(d) three members elected by the members of the Syndicate from among
    themselves of whom two shall be Deans of Faculties.]
    (e) one member elected by the members of the Academic council from
    among themselves;
    (f). the Finance Secretary to Government or an officer not below the rank of Joint
    Secretary nominated by him;
    (g). the Secretary to Government, Higher Education Department or an officer not
    below the rank of Joint Secretary nominated by him.
    (3). The Finance Officer shall be the Secretary of the Finance Committee.
    (4). The powers and functions of the Finance Committee and its procedure in
    financial matters including the delegation of its powers, shall, be prescribed by the
    Statutes.
  3. Planning Board.—(1) There shall be a Planning Board which shall be the
    principal planning body of the University to advise the Syndicate and the academic
    council on any matter which the board considers necessary for the fulfillment of the
    objectives of the University.
    (2).The Planning Board shall consist of the following members, namely:
    (a). the Vice-Chancellor who shall be the Chairman;
    (b). three heads of University departments to be nominated by the Vice-Chancellor;
    (c). One expert to be nominated by the Chancellor;
    (d). two members to be nominated by the University Grants Commission;
    (e). the Secretary to Government, Higher Education Department or an Officer not below
    the rank of Joint Secretary to Government nominated by him;
    (f). the member, State Planning Board in charge of Education;
    (g). the Registrar of the University;
    (h). the Finance Officer of the University who shall be the Secretary of the Board.
    (2). The members of the Planning Board mentioned in clauses (b) and (c) of sub
    section (2), shall hold office for a period of four years from the date of their nomination.
    (3). The powers and functions of the Planning Board shall be prescribed by the
    Statutes.
  4. Other authorities of University.-The constitution, powers and duties of such
    other authorities as may be declared by the Statutes to be the authorities of the University
    shall be prescribed by the Statutes.
  5. Disqualifications for membership.-(1) No person shall be qualified for
    election or nomination or appointment as a member of any of the authorities of the
    University or for continuing as such member, if he–
    (a). is below twenty-five years of age; or
    (b). is of unsound mind or a deaf-mute; or
    (c). is undischarged insolvent; or
    (d). has been convicted by a court of law of an offence involving moral delinquency; or
    (e). has been debarred by any University from appearing examination:
    Provided that clause (a) shall not apply to a person elected or nominated in the
    capacity of a student to any of the said authorities:
    Provided further that the disqualification of a person under clause (e) shall cease on
    the expiry of the period for which he has been debarred.
    (2) If any question arises as to whether any person is disqualified under subsection (1), the question shall be referred to the Chancellor and his decision thereon shall
    be final.
    CHAPTER V
    STATUTES, ORDINANCES, REGULATIONS, RULES AND BYE-LAWS
  6. The Statutes.—Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Statutes may provide for
    all or any of the following matters, namely:-
    (a). the powers and duties of the officers of the University, not specifically provided for
    in this Act;
    (b). the constitution, powers and duties of the authorities of the University, not
    specifically provided for in this Act;
    (c). the procedure for election of members of the Senate, [79] [xxxxxx] the Academic
    Council and other authorities of the University and all such other matters relating to these
    bodies, as may be necessary or desirable to provide;
    [80] [(cc). the procedure for selection and method of appointment, conditions of
    service, powers and duties of teachers of the University and non-teaching staff.]
    (d). the award of degrees, diplomas, titles, certificates, and other academic distinctions by
    the University;
    (e). the withdrawal of cancellation of degrees, diplomas, titles, certificates and other
    academic distinctions;
    (f). the maintenance of a register of registered graduates;
    (g). the holding of convocations to confer degrees;
    (h). the conditions and procedure for affiliation of colleges;
    (i). the conferment of honorary degrees;
    (j)the maintenance of the accounts and the preparation and passing of the annual budget
    of the University;
    [81][(k) the procedure for disciplinary action against the employees and the manner of
    termination of service of such employees;]
    (l) the procedure for arbitration in case of dispute between employees or students of the
    University;
    (m). the procedure for appeal to the Syndicate by any employee or student against the
    action of any officer or authority of the University;
    (n). the constitution of grievance committee for the employees and students and the terms
    of reference to be made to it by them;
    (o). the principles governing seniority of service of employees;
    (p). the participation of the students and research scholars in the affairs of the University;
    (q). the establishment and abolition of Faculties, Department, hostel etc.;
    (r). the delegation of powers vested in the various authorities and officers of the
    University;
    (s). the creation, composition and functions of any other body which is considered
    necessary for improving the academic life of the University;
    (t). all other matters which by this Act are to be or may be, prescribed by Statutes.
  7. Procedure for making Statutes.-(1) The [82][Syndicate] may of its own motion
    take into consideration the draft of a Statute:
    [83][Provided that, in any such case, before a Statute is passed the Syndicate
    shall obtain and consider the opinion of the Academic Council, where necessary on
    academic matter.]
    (2). The [84][Academic Council] may propose to the [85][Syndicate] the draft
    of any Statute for consideration and such draft shall be considered by the [86][syndicate]
    at is next meeting.
    (3). The [87][Syndicate] may approve the draft of a Statute proposed by the
    [88][Academic Council] and pass the Statute or may reject it or return it to the
    [89][Academic Council] for reconsideration, either in whole or in part, together with
    amendments which the [90][Syndicate] may suggest.
    (4) After any draft returned by the [91] [Syndicate] under sub-section (3) has
    been further considered by the[92] [Academic Council] together with any amendment
    suggested by the [93][Syndicate] it shall be again presented to the Syndicate with the
    report of the Academic Council thereon, and the [94][Syndicate] may then deal with the
    draft in any manner it thinks fit.
    (5) Where any Statue has been passed by the[95] [Syndicate], it shall be
    submitted to the Chancellor who may refer the Statute back of the [96][Syndicate] for
    further consideration or assent thereto or withhold his assent:
    Provided that a Statute or amendment to a Statute passed by the [97][Syndicate]
    which involves expenditure from the University. Fund shall be submitted to the
    Government who shall forward the same to the Chancellor with their views thereon.
    (6) No Statute passed by the [98][Syndicate] shall be valid or come into force
    until assented to by the Chancellor.
    (7) The[99] [Academic Council] shall not propose the draft of a Statute or of an
    amendment to a Statute affecting the status, powers or constitution of any authority of the
    University until such authority has been given an opportunity of expressing an opinion
    upon the proposal; and any opinion so expressed shall be in writing and shall be
    considered by the [100]s[Syndicate.]
    (4). No Statue providing for the conditions for, or procedure relating to, the
    affiliation of private colleges shall be passed by the [101][Syndicate] without the
    previous approval of the Government.
  8. Ordinances.-Subject to the provisions of this Act and the Statutes, the Syndicate
    shall have power to make Ordinances providing for all or any of the following matters,
    namely:-
    (a). the levy of fees in colleges and other institutions, by the University;
    (b). the residence and discipline of students;
    (c). the workload and pattern of teaching staff in colleges
    (d). the fixation of the scales of pay of various posts in the University and the terms and
    conditions of service of officers of the University:
    Provided that no special pay or allowance or extra remuneration of any description
    whatsoever including ex-gratia payment or other benefits having financial implication
    shall be granted to any officer, teacher or other employee of the University without the
    prior approval of the Government:
    Provided further that no such prior approval of the Government shall be necessary
    for incurring any such expenditure of a non recurring nature subject to a maximum of ten
    thousand rupees in the aggregate in the financial year;
    (e) all other matters which by this Act or the Statutes are to be, or may be
    provided for by the Ordinances.
  9. Procedure for making Ordinances.—(1) All Ordinances made under this Act
    shall have effect from such date as the Syndicate may direct.
    [102] [(3) The procedure to be followed in making, amending or repealing
    Ordinances shall be prescribed by the Statutes.]
    (4) Every Ordinance and amendment to an Ordinance including repeal of an
    Ordinance which involves expenditure shall be [103] [made only with the prior approval
    of the Government.]
    (5) No Ordinance or amendment to any Ordinance including repeal of an
    Ordinance which involves expenditure shall be valid or come into force unless assented
    by the Chancellor.
  10. Regulations.—Subject to the provisions of this Act, Statutes and the
    Ordinances, the Academic Council may make Regulations providing for all or any of the
    following matters, namely:-
  11. the courses of studies and the conduct of examinations;
  12. the admission of students to the various courses of study and to the
    examinations;
  13. the qualifications of teachers;
  14. the appointment and prescription of duties of the Boards of Studies
    and Examiners;
  15. recognition of examinations, degrees and diplomas of other
    Universities as equivalent to the examinations, degrees and
    diplomas of the University; and
  16. all other matters which under the provisions of this Act, the
    Statutes and the Ordinances are to be, or may be, prescribed by
    Regulations.
  17. [104][ Procedure for making Regulations.-(1) All Regulations under this Act,
    shall have effect from such date as the Academic Council may direct but, every
    Regulation so made shall be laid before the Syndicate during its next succeeding
    meeting:]
    Provided that no such Regulation or repeal of a Regulation which involves
    expenditure shall be made by the Academic Council without the prior approval of the
    Government.
    (2). If any Regulation or repeal of a Regulation is not laid before the Syndicate
    as required by sub-section (1) the Regulation shall lapse or, as the case may be, the
    Regulation repealed shall revive after the next succeeding meeting of the Syndicate.]
  18. Rules, bye-laws and orders.—(1) The Syndicate shall have power to make
    rules, bye-laws and orders not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, the Statutes,
    the Ordinance and the Regulations, for the guidance and working of Boards and
    Committees and other bodies constituted under the provisions of this Act or the Statutes
    or the Ordinances or the Regulations and for regulating the procedure and conduct of
    business at meeting of any authority of the University other than the Senate.
    [105][Provided that such rules, bye-laws or orders, which involve expenditure,
    shall be made only with the prior approval of the Government.]
  19. Publication in the Gazette.-All Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations made
    under this Act shall be published in the Gazette.

CHAPTER VI
ELECTION TO THE SENATE AND [xxxxxx] THE OTHER BODIES OF THE
UNIVERSITY, FILLING UP OF VACANCIES AND RESIGNATION, REMOVAL
ETC., OF MEMBERS OF AUTHORITIES AND BODIES
[106][XXXXX]

  1. Election of members to the [107][xxxx] Senate and other bodies of the
    University.—The election of members to the Senate, and [108] [xx] other bodies of the
    University shall be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by
    means of the single transferable vote and in accordance with the procedure prescribed by
    the Statutes, and the voting at such election shall be by secret ballot.
  2. Filling up of vacancies.-(1) All vacancies among the members (other than ex
    officio members) of any authority or body of the University by reason of death,
    resignation or otherwise shall be filled within a period not exceeding six months, by the
    person or authority who or which appointed, elected, or nominated the member whose
    place has become vacant..
    (2). Any person appointed, elected or nominated under sub-section (1) shall
    hold office as members so long only as the member in whose place he is appointed,
    elected or nominated, as the case may be, would have been entitled to hold office if the
    vacancy had not occurred.
  3. Resignation or removal of members of any authority or body.- (1) Any
    member of any authority or body of the University may resign his office by letter
    addressed to the Registrar and the resignation shall take effect on the date of receipt of
    the letter by the
    Registrar.
    (2). The[109] [Vice Chancellor] may, on the recommendation of not less than
    two thirds of the number of members of the Syndicate, remove the name of any person
    convicted by a court of law of any offence involving moral delinquency or punished by
    the University for malpractice connected with any University examination from the
    register of registered graduates or remove any such person from membership of any
    authority or body of the University. [110][xxxxx]
    [111][(3) The Vice Chancellor may, on the recommendations of the Syndicate]
    also remove any person from the membership of any authority or body of the University
    if he becomes of unsound mind or a deaf-mute or has applies to be adjudicated or has
    been adjudicated an insolvent.
    (3). If an elected member of any authority or body of the University fails to
    attend three consecutive meetings of that authority or body, he shall cease to be a
    member of such authority or body and thereupon the Registrar shall intimate him that he
    has ceased to be such member:
    Provided that such authority or body may, if satisfied that there was sufficient
    cause for the failure of the member to attend the meetings, restore him to its membership.
    CHAPTER VII
    FINANCE
  4. University fund.—(1) All grants and loans received from the State
    Government, the Government of India, the University Grants Commission and from any
    other source, all revenues of the University, all fees received, all incomes such as rent and
    profits derived from properties and funds vested in the University, all endowments and
    donations received from any source whatsoever, all other miscellaneous receipts of the
    University and all deposits, remittances and service funds, received in connection with
    the affairs of the University shall form one consolidated fund styled [112][The Mahatma
    Gandhi University Fund] and shall be employed for the purposes and in the manner laid
    down in this Act and in the Statutes, Ordinances, rules, bye-laws and orders made
    thereunder:
    Provided that separate accounts may be maintained for specific purposes.
    (2). All moneys in the [113][Mahatma Gandhi] University Fund shall be lodged in
    the Government Treasury or with the approval of the Government in the State Bank of
    India or its subsidiaries upto such limits as may be fixed by the Government.
    (3). The University may invest such part of the moneys in the Gandhiji
    University Fund, as it may deem fit, in Government securities or securities guaranteed by
    the Government of India.
    (4). The custody of the [114] [Mahatma Gandhi] University Fund, the payment of
    moneys therein, the withdrawal of moneys therefrom and all other ancillary matters shall
    be regulated by the Statutes, Ordinances, rules and bye-laws made in that behalf.
  5. Grants from Government.-(1) The University shall receive as grants for its
    maintenance such sums, subject to such conditions as may be fixed by the Government
    from time to time.
    The Government may pay to the University such other grants subject to such
    conditions as they think fit, for specific purposes.
  6. Annual estimates of income and expenditure.-(1) The Syndicate shall prepare
    the financial estimates of the income and expenditure of the University for the next
    ensuing year before such date as may be prescribed by the Statutes and forward the same
    together with a memorandum conveying explanatory notes thereon to the
    [115][Chancellor] for consideration.
    [116] [(2) The Chancellor shall consider the financial estimates and shall approve
    it either without alterations or with such alterations as he may deem fit.]
  7. Funds earmarked for a purpose not to be diverted without prior approval of
    Government.—The University shall not,–
    (a). without the prior approval of the Government,–
    (i). divert funds earmarked for a purpose for any other purpose; or
    (ii) implement any scheme which involves any matching contribution
    from the State Government; or
    (b). implement any scheme which imposes a recurring liability on the
    Government, after the assistance from the sponsoring authority ceases.
  8. Annual accounts.—(1) The annual accounts of the University shall be prepared
    under the directions of the Syndicate and shall be submitted to the Government for audit.
    (2). The annual accounts together with the audit report thereon shall be published
    by the Syndicate and copies of such accounts and audit report shall be placed before the
    Senate and submitted to the Government [117] [and the Chancellor.]
    (3). The annual accounts shall be considered by the Senate at its annual meeting,
    and the Senate may pass resolutions with reference thereto and communicate the same to
    the Syndicate which shall take action in accordance therewith.
  9. Annual report.—(1) The annual report of the University shall be prepared
    under the direction of the Syndicate and shall be presented to the Senate for its review on
    or before such date as may be prescribed by the Statutes.
    (2). The Senate may pass resolutions on the annual report and communicate
    the resolutions to the Syndicate.
    (3). The Syndicate shall inform the Senate of the action taken by it on the
    resolutions passed by the Senate under sub-section (2) and shall submit a copy of the
    annual report together with a copy of the resolutions, if any, of the Senate under subsection (2) to the Government [118][and the Chancellor].
    (4). The Government shall, as soon as the annual accounts and annual report
    are received, cause the same to be laid on the Table of the State Legislative Assembly.
  10. Audit of accounts of the University.—(1) The Government shall appoint
    auditors of the accounts of the University and the institutions under the management of
    the University.
    (2). The auditors shall maintain a continuous audit of the accounts of the University and
    may, after giving due intimation, conduct local audit of any institution under the
    management of the University.
    (3). The University shall bear the cost of the audit as fixed by the Government.
    (4). After completing the audit for a year or for any shorter period or for any transaction
    or series of transactions, the auditors shall sent a report to the University and a duplicate
    copy thereof to the Government.
    (5). The auditors shall specify in the report under sub-section (4) all cases of irregular,
    illegal or improper expenditure or of failure to recover moneys or other property due to
    the University or of any loss or waste of money or other property thereof caused by
    neglect or misconduct of the officers and authorities of the University.
    (6). The auditors shall also report on any other matter relating to the accounts of the
    University as may be required by the Government.
    (7). The University shall forthwith remedy any defect or irregularity pointed out by the
    Auditors and report the action taken to the Government.
    (8). On consideration of a report of the auditors under this section the Government may,
    if they consider it necessary so to do, direct the University to comply with the provisions
    of sub-section (7) within such period as may be specified in the direction and the
    University shall comply with such direction.

CHAPTER VIII
PRIVATE COLLEGES AND AFFILIATION OF COLLEGES

  1. Definitions.—In this ‘Chapter–
    (a). “corporate management” means an educational agency which manages more than
    one private college;
    (b). “unitary management” means an educational agency which manages a private
    college.
  2. Governing body for private college under unitary management.- (1) A unitary
    management shall constitute in accordance with the provisions of the Statutes a
    governing body consisting of the following members, namely:-
    (a). the manager of the private college;
    (b). the principal of the private college;
    (c). a person nominated by the University in accordance with the provisions in that
    behalf contained in the Statutes;
    (d). a person nominated by the Government;
    [119][(dd) two persons nominated from permanent teachers by the University by
    rotation, of whom, one shall be from those having ten years of service or more
    and the other shall be from those having less than ten years of service;]
    [120][xxxxxxxxx]
    (h) not more than six persons nominated by the unitary management.
    (2). The manager of the private college shall be the Chairman [121] [and the
    Principal shall be the Secretary] of the governing body.
    (3). It shall be the duty of the governing body to advise the university
    management in all matters relating to the administration of the private college, in
    accordance with the provisions of this Act and the Statutes, Ordinances, Regulations,
    rules, bye-laws and orders made thereunder.
    (4). The decisions of the governing body shall be taken at meetings on the basis
    of simple majority of the members present and voting.
  3. Managing council for private colleges under corporate management.-(1) A
    corporate management shall constitute a managing council for all the private colleges
    under its management consisting of the following members, namely:-
    (a). the manager of the private colleges;
    (b). one principal by rotation in such manner as may be prescribed by the Statutes;
    (c). a person nominated by the University in accordance with provisions in that behalf
    contained in the Statutes;
    (d). a person nominated by the Government;
    [122][(dd) two persons nominated from permanent teachers by the University, by
    rotation, of whom one shall be from those having ten years of service or more and the
    other shall be from those having less than ten years service;]
    [123][xxxxxxxx]
    (h) not more than fifteen persons nominated by the corporate management.
    (2) the manager of the private colleges shall be chairman of the managing
    council.
    (3) It shall be the duty of the managing council to advise the corporate
    management in all matters relating to the administration of the private colleges, in
    accordance with the provisions of this Act and the Statutes, Ordinances, Regulations,
    Rules, Bye-laws and Orders made thereunder.
    (4) The decisions of the managing council shall be taken at meetings on the
    basis of simple majority of the members present and voting.
  4. Manager.—A unitary, management or corporate management shall appoint a
    manager for the private college or for all the private colleges, as the case may be, under
    its management within the University area.
    (2). The appointment or removal of the manager shall be intimated to the University by
    the unitary management or the corporate management, as the case may be.
    (3). It shall be the duty of the manager to give effect to the decisions of the unitary
    management or the corporate management, as the case may be.
    (4). The manager shall exercise such powers and discharge such duties as may delegated
    to him by the unitary management or the corporate management, as the case may be.
    (5). The manager shall furnish to the Director of Collegiate Education audited accounts of
    the grants given by the Government to the private college or all the private colleges, as
    the case may be, of which he is the manager, within such time as may be specified by the
    Director of Collegiate Education in that behalf.
    (6). Suits by or against a private college shall be instituted by or against the manager
    thereof.
    (7). If the manager of a private college is guilty of mismanagement, malpractice,
    corruption or maladministration, gross negligence of duty or disobedience of instructions
    issued by the Government or the University or is convicted for an offence involving
    moral turpitude, the Vice Chancellor may, after giving the manager a reasonable
    opportunity to show cause against the action proposed to be taken against him and after
    due enquiry, declare him unfit to hold the office of manager and require the unitary
    management or the corporate management, as the case may be, to appoint a suitable
    person as manager.
    (8). Failure on the part of the manager to furnish accounts to the Director of Collegiate
    Education as required by sub-section (5) within the specified date or within such further
    time as may be allowed by the Director of Collegiate Education shall be sufficient cause
    for taking steps for the withdrawal of the grant to the private college or private colleges,
    as the case may be.
    (9)Failure on the part of the manager or the management to obey the instructions issued
    by the University or the Government in regard to matters relating to the administration of
    the private college or the continuance in office of the person declared unfit under subsection (7) shall be deemed to be sufficient cause for the withdrawal of the aid, grant or
    affiliation of the private college by the University or the Government, as the case may be.
  5. Acts or proceedings of governing body or managing council not to be invalidated.-No
    act or proceeding of a governing body or managing council shall be invalidated merely
    by reason of.
    (a). any vacancy in, or any defect in the constitution of, the governing body or
    managing council not opposed to the fundamental principles of law; or
    (b). any defect in the appointment of a person acting as a member of the governing
    body or managing council; or
    (c). any irregularity in the procedure of the governing body or managing council not
    affecting the merits of the case.
  6. Affiliation of colleges.—(1) An application for affiliation to the University of any
    college or for affiliation in new courses in any affiliated college shall be sent by the
    educational agency to the Registrar within such time and in such manner as may be
    prescribed by the Statutes.
    (2). The terms and conditions of affiliation of a college or of affiliation in new
    courses in an affiliated college and the procedure to be followed by the Syndicate in
    granting such affiliation, including the period within which the Syndicate shall consider
    an application under sub-section (1) shall be prescribed by the Statutes:
    . Provided that the Chancellor may, by notification in the Gazette, for reasons to be
    specified in the notification, extend the period within which the Syndicate shall consider
    any application under sub-section (1), whether such period has already expired or not, by
    such further period, not exceeding one year, as may be specified in such notification.
    [124][Provided further that where an application for affiliation in a new course in an
    affiliated college could not be considered by the Syndicate within the time prescribed by
    the Statutes on the ground that the application was not sent by the Educational Agency in
    time and that the period could not also be extended under the preceding proviso; the
    Chancellor may, in public interest, by notification in the Gazette, direct that the Syndicate
    shall consider the application within such period as may be specified in the notification
    not exceeding one year from the date of commencement of the University Laws
    (Amendment) Act, 1989.]
    (3). Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-section (2), such
    Statutes may provide for the pattern of staff; scales of pay and terms and conditions of
    service of members of the staff and admission and selection of students for courses and
    examinations.
  7. [125][ Appointment of teachers in private Colleges.— [126] [ “(1) Appointments to
    the posts eligible to receive salary from the Government shall be made only against posts
    sanctioned by the Government or by such officers as may be authorized by the
    Government.”]
    [127][“(1 A) Appointments to the lowest grade of teacher in each department of a
    private college shall be made by the educational agency by direct recruitment on the
    basis of merit.]
    (2)Appointments of principals shall be made by the educational agency by promotion
    from among the teachers of the college or of all the colleges, as the case may be, or by
    direct recruitment.
    (3). Where the appointment of principal is made by promotion, the educational agency
    shall make the appointment on the basis of seniority cum-fitness.
    (4). Appointments to the posts, other than those referred to in [128][sub-sections (1 A)]
    and (2), shall be made by the educational agency by promotion from among the teachers
    of the college or of all the colleges, as the case may be, on the basis of seniority-cumfitness, or if none among them is fit for promotion, by direct recruitment.
    (5). For making appointment under this section by direct recruitment, the post shall be
    advertised in such manner as may be prescribed by the Statutes.
    (6). The educational agency shall not abolish a course of study in a private college
    without the prior approval of the University.
    (7). Every appointment under this section shall be made by a written order of the
    Manager in such form as may be prescribed by Statutes communicated to the person to
    be appointed, with copy to the University.
    (8). Every appointment under this section shall be reported to the University for approval.
    (9). Any person aggrieved by any appointment under this section may appeal to the
    appellate Tribunal.]
  8. Qualifications of teachers.-(1) Teachers of colleges shall posses such qualifications
    as may be prescribed by the Regulations.
    (2). Notwithstanding anything contained in any law or in any judgement, decree or order
    of any court or other authority, any decision or order exempting any teacher from
    possessing the prescribed qualifications or approving the appointment of any teacher who
    did not possess the prescribed qualifications or allowing any teacher who did not possess
    the prescribed qualifications to continue in service, made by any authority or officer of
    the University of Kerala under the Kerala University Act, 1974 (17 of 1974), before the
    commencement of this Act shall be deemed to have been made by the authority
    competent to make such decision or order under this Act as if this Act had been in force
    at the time when such decision or orders was made, and accordingly all such decisions
    and orders shall be, and shall be deemed always to have been valid and in accordance
    with law.
  9. Probation.-(1) Teachers of private colleges shall be on probation for a period of one
    year within a period of two years:
    Provided that in exceptional cases, the period of probation may be extended by a
    period not exceeding one year, subject to the prior approval of the Syndicate.
    Explanation.-Probation undergone by a teacher before the commencement of this Act
    shall be deemed to be probation for the purposes of this sub-section, provided such
    probation is within a period of two years immediately before such commencement.
    (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in any contract or other document, any teacher
    working in a substantive vacancy at or after the commencement of this Act shall be
    deemed to be on probation for the purposes of sub-section (1).
    (3). The educational agency may, at any time before the prescribed period of probation,
    terminate the probation of the probationer for want of vacancy and discharge him from
    service if he was appointed by direct recruitment or revert him to this original
    appointment if the appointment to the new post was by transfer or promotion.
    (4). Any probationer discharged or reverted under sub-section (3) shall be given
    preference in the matter of future appointments to the same post.
    (5). On satisfactory completion of probation, the educational agency, shall confirm the
    teacher in the post and if the vacancy is not a substantive vacancy, the teacher shall be
    allowed to continue in the post for the duration of the vacancy.
    (6). If, on the expiry of the prescribed period of probation, the educational agency decides
    that the teacher is not suitable for continuance in the post in which he is appointed, it
    shall discharge him from service or revert him to his original appointment, as the case
    may be, after giving him a reasonable opportunity of showing cause against the action
    proposed to be taken in regard to him.
    (7). Where the post held by the probationer is substantively vacant and before the expiry
    of one month from the prescribed period of probation he is not confirmed under subsection (5) or is not discharged or reverted under sub-section (6), he shall be deemed to
    have been confirmed in that post.
    (8). A probationer who is discharged or reverted under sub-section (6) or who is
    discharged or reverted before the prescribed period of probation otherwise than on the
    ground of want of vacancy shall be entitled to appeal against the order of discharge or
    reversion to the Appellate Tribunal and the provisions of section 63 shall, mutantis
    mutandis apply to such appeals.
  10. Conditions of service of teachers of Private Colleges.—[129][(1)] Notwithstanding
    anything contained in any law or in any contract or other document, the conditions of
    service of teachers of private colleges, whether appointed before or after the
    commencement of this Act including conditions relating to pay, pension, provident fund,
    gratuity, insurance and age of retirement, shall be such as may be prescribed by the
    Statutes.]
    [130][(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Statutes, Ordinances and
    Regulations made thereunder,–]
    [131][(a) a person appointed as teacher in a private college in a temporary vacancy on or
    after the 14th day of March, 1974 and continuing as such, shall be appointed as teacher in
    any permanent vacancy or any temporary vacancy of longer duration that may arise, after
    such appointment in the temporary vacancy, in the private college or, as the case may be,
    any of the private colleges under the management of the educational agency within the
    University area;]
    (b) a teacher relieved from a private college on or after the 14th day of March, 1974 due
    to the abolition of a course of study in that private college or the cessation of the period
    for which he was appointed or for any other reason except disciplinary action against him
    shall be given preference in the matter of future appointments in the private college or, as
    the case may be, any of the private colleges under the management of the educational
    agency within the University area].
    [132] [(c) any dispute arising or pending between the management of a private college
    and the teacher of that college in respect of any matter coming under clause (a) of (b),
    shall, be decided in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the Statutes made
    thereunder.]
    Explanation.-Where the number of claimants under clause (a) or clause (b) is more than
    the number of vacancies, the order of preference for appointment shall be in accordance
    with the date of first appointment of the claimants under the educational agency within
    the University area.]
  11. Disciplinary powers of Educational Agency over teachers of Private Colleges.-(1)
    The Educational Agency may at any time place a teacher of a Private College under
    suspension when any disciplinary proceedings is proposed to be taken against him or
    when such disciplinary proceedings are pending.
    (2). A teacher of a Private College who is detained in custody whether on a criminal
    charge or otherwise for a period exceeding fourty-eight hours shall be deemed to have
    been suspended with effect from the date of detention by an order of the Educational
    Agency and shall remain under suspension until further orders.
    (3). When a teacher of a private college is suspended for a period exceeding fifteen days,
    the matter together with the reasons for the suspension, shall be reported to the Vice
    Chancellor.
    (4). Any disciplinary proceedings against a teacher of a private college by the educational
    agency shall be completed within a period of three months or within such further period
    as may be allowed by the Vice Chancellor.
    (5). No disciplinary action shall be taken against a teacher without giving him a
    reasonable opportunity of showing cause against the action proposed to be taken against
    him.
    (6). Any teacher aggrieved by an order imposing on him any of the following penalties,
    namely:-
    (a). withholding of increment;
    (b). recovery from pay of any pecuniary loss caused to the institution or the monetary
    value equivalent to the amount of increment order to be withheld;
    (c). reduction to a lower rank in the seniority list or to a lower grade or post; and
    [133][(cc) removal from service;]
    [134][ccc) compulsory retirement from service.]
    (d). dismissal from service.
    may, within sixty days from the date on which a copy of such order is served on him,
    appeal to the Appellate Tribunal on any one or more of the following grounds, namely:-
    (j). that there is want of good faith in passing the order;
    (ii). that the order is intended to victimize the appellant;
    (iii). that in passing the order, the educational agency has been guilty or a basic error or
    violation of the principles of natural justice;
    (iv). that the order is not based on any material or is perverse:
    Provided that the appellate Tribunal may admit an appeal presented after the
    expiration of the said period of sixty days if it is satisfied that the appellant had sufficient
    cause for not presenting the appeal within that period.
    7.On receipt of an appeal under sub-section (6), the Appellate Tribunal may, after giving
    the parties an opportunity of being heard, and after such further inquiry as may be
    necessary pass such order thereon as it may deem fit including an order of reinstatement
    of the teacher concerned.
  12. Any order passed by the Appellate Tribunal under sub section (7) may be executed
    through the Subordinate Judges Court having jurisdiction over the area in which the
    private college is situate as if it were a decree passed by that court.
  13. Any person who objects to an order passed by the Appellate Tribunal under subsection (7) may, within sixty days from the date on which a copy of such order is served
    on him, prefer a petition accompanied by court fee stamps of the value of ten rupees to
    the High Court on the ground that the Appellate Tribunal has either decided erroneously
    or failed to decide any question of law.
  14. The provision of section 5 of the Limitation Act, 1963 (Central Act 36 of 1973), shall
    be applicable to any proceedings under sub-section (9).
  15. The High Court shall, after giving the parties an opportunity of being heard, pass such
    orders on the petition, as it deems fit.
  16. Where the High Court passes any order under sub-section (11), the appellate Tribunal
    shall amend the order passed by it in conformity with the order of the High Court.
  17. Disciplinary powers of Government over teachers of Private Colleges.-(1)
    Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or in the Statutes, Ordinances or
    Regulations and subject to such rules as may be made by Government in this behalf, the
    Government or such officer not below the rank of Deputy Director of Collegiate
    Education, as may be authorized by the Government in this behalf, shall have power to
    take disciplinary proceedings against a teacher of a private college and to impose upon
    him all or any of the penalties specified by or under this Act:
    Provided that before exercising the powers under this sub section, the
    Government or the authorized Officer, as the case may be, shall intimate the manager
    regarding the circumstances requiring disciplinary action against the teacher concerned
    and give the manager a reasonable opportunity of taking disciplinary action and the
    Government or the authorized Officer, as the case may be, shall take disciplinary action
    against the teacher only if the manager fails to take appropriate disciplinary action.
    (2). The Government or the officer authorized under sub-section (1), as the case
    may be, may suspend a teacher of a private college when any disciplinary proceedings is
    proposed to be taken against him under that sub-section or when such disciplinary
    proceedings are pending.
  18. Past disputes relating to service conditions of teachers.—Notwithstanding
    anything contained in any law for the time being in force, or in any contract or in any
    judgment decree or order of any court or other authority any dispute between the
    management of a private college and any teacher of that college relating to the conditions
    of service of such teacher pending at the commencement of this Act shall be decided
    under and in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the Statutes made thereunder.
  19. Membership of Local Authorities, etc.—A teacher of a private college shall not be
    disqualified for continuing as such teacher merely on the ground that he has been elected
    or nominated as a member of a local authority or of the Legislative Assembly of the State
    or of Parliament.
  20. Non-teaching staff of Private Colleges.—(1) The provisions of this Chapter shall, so
    far as may be, apply to the non-teaching staff of the private colleges.
    (2). Subject to the provisions of sub-section (1), the method of appointment, pay
    and other conditions of service of the non-teaching staff of private colleges shall be such
    as may be prescribed by the Statutes.
  21. Transfer of teachers to other Universities.—(1) Where an educational agency
    has colleges under the jurisdiction of the [135][Mahatma Gandhi University] and also
    under the jurisdiction of the Kerala University or the Calicut University, the educational
    agency shall within three months of the commencement of this Act or within such
    further period, not exceeding three months, as may be granted
    by the Government for sufficient reason, prepare a seniority list of the teachers of all such
    colleges.
    (2). After the preparation of the list under sub-section (1), the educational agency shall
    give a right of option to the teachers as to the University under the jurisdiction of which
    he opts to remain and the teachers shall be allotted to each University area in accordance
    with such option:
    Provided that where, the number of teachers who have opted to work under the
    jurisdiction of the [Mahatma Gandhi University] or the Kerala University or the Calicut
    University is more than the number required, allotment shall be made on the basis of
    seniority.
    (3). Any teacher aggrieved by any entry in the list prepared under sub-section (1) or by
    the allotment under sub-section (2) may appeal to the Government within sixty days from
    the date of communication of the list or order of allotment to him, and the decision of the
    Government thereon shall be final.
    (4).Where a teacher is allotted to a University area under this section he shall not be
    transferred to a college affiliated to any other University.
    (5). Nothing contained in this section shall apply in respect of principals of private
    colleges.
  22. Constitution of Appellate Tribunal.- (1) The Government shall constitute an
    Appellate Tribunal for the purposes of this Act.
    (2). The Appellate Tribunal shall be a judicial officer not below the rank of a District
    Judge nominated by the Chancellor in consultation with the High Court.
    (3). The term of office of the Appellate Tribunal shall be three years from the date of its
    nomination.
    (4). The Appellate Tribunal shall have the power to make regulations consistent with the
    provisions of this Act with the previous sanction of the Government for regulating its
    procedure and disposal of its business.
    (5). The regulations so made shall be published in the Gazette
    (6). The remuneration and other conditions of service of the Appellate Tribunal shall be
    such as may be prescribed by rules.
  23. Bar of jurisdiction of civil courts.—No civil court shall have jurisdiction to
    settle, decide or deal with any question or to determine any matter which is by or under
    this Act, required to be settled, decided or dealt with or to be determined by any authority
    or person under this Act.
  24. Private colleges to comply with provisions of Chapter within six months.—All
    private colleges existing in the University area immediately before the commencement of
    this Act and affiliated to the University shall, within a period of six months form such
    commencement, comply with the provisions of this Chapter.
    (1). If the Syndicate is satisfied that any private college has not complied with any
    provision contained in this Act or in the Statutes, Ordinances, Regulations, Bye-laws,
    Orders or Rules, it may recommend to the Government for withholding or discontinuing
    aid or grant or it may disaffiliate the college from the University:
    Provided that before disaffiliating a college, the educational agency and the governing
    body or managing council, as the case may be, shall be given an opportunity of being
    heard.
    (2). If, on a recommendation under sub-section (1), the Government are satisfied that any
    private college has not complied with any of the provisions of this Act or of the Statutes,
    Ordinances, Regulations, Bye-laws, Orders or Rules, they may, by order, direct that the
    college shall not be given any aid or grant from the Government:
    Provided that before making any such orders, the educational agency and the governing
    body or managing council, as the case may be, shall be given an opportunity of being
    heard.
  25. Code of Conduct for teachers of affiliated Colleges.—(1) The Government
    shall, in consultation with the University and the representative of the teachers, frame a
    Code of Conduct to be observed by the teachers of Government and private colleges.
    (2). Any teacher of a Government or private college who contravenes any of the
    provisions of the Code of Conduct shall be liable for disciplinary action which may
    involve the imposition of a major penalty.
    [136][“73A. Special provisions in respect of un-aided colleges.-Notwithstanding
    anything contained in this Act or the Statues, Ordinances, Regulations, rules, bye-laws or
    orders,–
    (a). the scales of pay and other conditions of service of the teaching and non-teaching
    staff of un-aided colleges; and
    (b). the admission and selection of, and the fees payable by, students in such colleges,
    shall be determined, from time to time, by the Government on the basis of the
    recommendations of a Committee constituted by the Government consisting of—
    (i) one of the Vice-Chancellors of the Universities in the State, nominated by
    Government;
    (ii). the Secretary to Government, Higher Education Department (who shall be the
    convenor of the Committee); and
    (iii) the Director of Collegiate Education”.]
  26. [137] [Inspection.-(1) The University may, at regular intervals as it deems necessary,
    and shall once in every five years, cause an inspection to be made by such person or
    machinery, as may be prescribed by the Statutes, of the University, its buildings,
    laboratories, libraries, museums, workshops and equipments and of other institutions
    maintained, recognized or approved by, or affiliated to, the University, and also of the
    work conducted by the University and also cause an enquiry to be made in respect of any
    matter connected with the University.
    (2). A report of the inspection made under sub-section (1) shall be placed before the
    Syndicate for such action as may be necessary.
    (3). The Syndicate shall report o the Government and the chancellor the action if any,
    which is proposed to be taken or has been taken upon the result of any inspection or
    enquiry under sub-section (1).]
    75.Appointment of Commission to inquire into the working of University.-(1). The
    Government may at any time and shall, at the expiration of ten years from the
    commencement of this Act and thereafter at the expiration of every ten years, by order
    published in the Gazette, constitute a commission which shall consist of the Chairman
    and such other members not exceeding five as the Government may appoint, and such
    order shall define the procedure to be followed by the Commission.
    (2). The Commission constituted under sub-section (1) shall inquire into and report on—
    (i) the working of the University during the period to which the inquiry relates;
    (ii) the final position of the University including the financial position of its colleges
    and departments;
    (iii). any change to be made in the provisions of this Act or the Statutes, Ordinances,
    Rules and Bye-laws made thereunder with a view to bringing about improvements in the
    affairs of the University; and
    (iv). such other matters as may be referred to it by the Government, and make such
    recommendations to the Government as it thinks fit.
    (3) On receipt of the report and the recommendations of the commission under subsection (2), the Government shall forthwith refer such report and recommendations to the
    [138][Syndicate] for consideration and report.
    (4). Immediately after the [139] [Syndicate] has considered the report and
    recommendations of the Commission and submitted its report to the Government, the
    Government shall consider the Report of the Senate and pass such orders thereon as they
    think fit and shall also cause the same to be published in the Gazette.
    (5). The [140] [Syndicate] shall be responsible for carrying into any orders passed by the
    Government under sub-section (4) within six months.
    [141][xxxxxxxxxxx]
  27. Power of Government to make rules.—(1) The Government may, by notification in
    the Gazette, make rules not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act for the purpose of
    exercising the powers and discharging the duties conferred or imposed on the
    Government by this Act.
    (2). Every rule made under this section shall be laid as soon as may be after it is made,
    before the Legislative assembly while it is in session for a total period of fourteen days
    which may be comprised in one session or in two successive sessions, and if, before the
    expiry of the session in which it is so laid or the session immediately following, the
    Legislative Assembly makes any modification in the rule or decides that the rule should
    not be made the rule shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no
    effect, as the case may be; so however that any such modification or annulment shall be
    without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule.
  28. Reservation of appointments.-In making appointments by direct recruitment to posts
    in any class or category under the University or to posts of non-teaching staff in the
    University, the University shall mutates mutandis observe the provisions of clauses (a),
    (b) and (c) of rule 14 and rules 15, 16, 17 and 17A of the Kerala State and Subordinate
    Service Rules, 1958, as amended from time to time.
    [142] [xxxxxxxxx]
  29. Conditions of Service.—(1) Save as otherwise provided by or under this Act every
    salaried officer and teacher of the University shall be appointed by a written order.
    (2). The written order referred to in sub-section (1) shall be lodged with the Registrar and
    a copy thereof shall be furnished to the Officer or teacher concerned.
    (3). Any dispute between any officer or teacher of the University and the University shall,
    on the request of the University or the officer or teacher concerned by referred to the
    appellate Tribunal for decision, and thereupon, the provisions of sub-sections (7), (8), (9),
    (10), (11) and (12) of section 63 and the regulations made by the Tribunal under section
    69 shall mutates mutandis apply to the decision of such dispute.
  30. Pension, Insurance and Provident Fund.—With the previous approval of the
    Government, the University shall make appropriate provisions for the benefit of its
    officers teachers and other servants under its control in matters of insurance, pension and
    provident fund and for such other benefits as it may deem fit in such manner as may be
    prescribed by the Ordinances.
  31. Proceedings of the University and bodies not to be invalidated by vacancies.—No
    act or proceeding of the Senate, the Syndicate, the Academic Council or other body
    constituted under this Act or the Statutes or the Ordinances shall be deemed to be invalid
    merely by reason of any vacancy in the body doing or passing it, at the time any such act
    or proceeding is done or passed.
  32. Proceeding of the Senate, Syndicate and Academic Council.—The Registrar shall
    forward to the Government within one month of the date of any meeting of the Senate or
    the Syndicate or the Academic council copies of the proceedings of such meetings.
  33. Dispute as to constitution of University Authority or body.—If any question arises
    regarding the interpretation of any provision of this Act or of any Statute, Ordinance,
    Regulation, rule, bye-law or order or as to whether a person has been duly elected or
    appointed as, or is entitled to be, a member of any authority or other body of the
    University, the matter may be referred to the Chancellor and shall be so referred to him if
    not less than twenty-five members of the Senate so require, and the Chancellor shall,
    after taking such advice as he deems necessary, decide the question and such decision
    shall be final.
  34. Report on affiliated colleges.—The Vice-Chancellor shall, at the end of every three
    years from the commencement of this Act submit a report to the Government on the
    conditions of affiliated colleges.
  35. Protection of acts and orders.—All acts and orders duly and in good faith done or
    passed by the University or any of its authorities, bodies or officers shall be final; and no
    suit shall be instituted against, or damage claimed from, the University or its authorities,
    bodies or officers for anything done or purporting to be done in pursuance of this Act and
    the Statutes, Ordinances, Regulations, rules, bye-laws and orders made thereunder.
  36. Institutions affiliated to University.—(1) All colleges existing in the University area
    immediately before the commencement of this Act shall stand affiliated to the University.
    (2). The Government may, at any time, transfer to the University any institution subject
    to such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon between the Government and the
    University as regards its future maintenance and control.
  37. Duty of teachers etc., in connection with University examinations.-(1) It shall be the
    duty of a teacher or a member of the non-teaching staff of an affiliated college or an
    officer, teacher of other employee of the University to do any work in connection with an
    examination conducted by the University which he is required by the competent officer
    or authority of the University to do.
    (2). If any teacher or member of the non-teaching staff of an affiliated college or any
    officer, teacher or other employee of the University refuses, without sufficient cause to
    the satisfaction of,-
    (a). in the case of a teacher or a member of the non-teaching staff of an affiliated
    college, an officer not below the rank of Deputy Director of Collegiate Education
    authorized by the Government in this behalf; and
    (b). in the case of an officer, teacher or other employee of the University, the ViceChancellor.
    to do any work in connection with an examination conducted by the University when
    required to do so by the competent Officer or authority of the University, he shall,
    without prejudice to any other action that may be taken against him, forfeit his pay and
    allowances for a period of two months commencing on the date of commencement of the
    examination.
    Explanation.-failure to comply with the requisition of the competent officer or authority
    of the University shall be deemed to be refusal for the purposes of this sub-section.
  38. An order of forfeiture under sub-section (2) shall be made,–
    (a). in the case of a teacher or a member of the non-teaching staff of an affiliated
    college, by the officer authorized under clause (a) of said sub-section; and
    (b). in the case of an officer, teacher or other employee of the University, by the
    Vice-Chancellor.
  39. No order of forfeiture shall be made under sub-section (3) without giving the person
    who may be affected thereby an opportunity of being heard.
  40. Any person aggrieved by an order referred to in sub-section (4) may, within sixty days
    from the date on which a copy of such order is served on him, appeal to the Appellate
    Tribunal, and the Appellate Tribunal may, after giving the parties an opportunity of being
    heard and after such further inquiry as may be necessary, pass such order thereon as it
    deems fit.
  41. Punishment for irregularities by teachers at examinations.—Any teacher of
    an affiliated college or a teacher of the University who–
    (a). connives with, or assists, any candidate at an examination conducted by the
    University to do any malpractice at such examination; or
    (b). delays the valuation and return of answer books of candidates at any such
    examination which have been given to him for valuation;
    shall without prejudice to any other action that may be taken against him be liable for
    disciplinary action.
  42. [143][xxxxxxxxxx]
  43. Appointment of first Vice-Chancellor.—Notwithstanding anything to the
    contrary contained in section 10, the Chancellor shall appoint such person as he thinks fit
    to be the first Vice-Chancellor of the University for a period not exceeding three years.
  44. Appointment of Registrar, Controller of Examinations and Finance Officer
    during initial period of two years.—Notwithstanding anything contained in section 12, 13
    and 14, for a period of two years from the commencement of this Act, the Registrar, the
    Controller of Examinations and the Finance Officer shall be appointed by the Chancellor
    for the said period, on a salary to be fixed by him and on such other conditions as he
    thinks fit:
    Provided that the power under this section shall not be exercised by the Chancellor
    after nomination of the Syndicate under section 94.
  45. Appointment of the first University Staff.—Notwithstanding anything contained
    in this Act, the Chancellor shall have power to appoint such officers and servants of the
    University as may be necessary for ensuring the working of the University.
  46. Nomination of first University authorities.-Notwithstanding anything contained
    in this Act, the first of all authorities of the University shall be nominated by the
    Chancellor for a period of [144][forty eight months] from the date of nomination or till
    the constitution of those authorities in accordance with the provisions of this Act,
    whichever is earlier.
  47. Colleges and other institutions within the jurisdiction of the University.—(1) All
    colleges and other educational institutions within the areas to which the jurisdiction of the
    University extends, which immediately before the commencement of this Act where
    recognized by, or were affiliated to the University of Kerala as institutions providing
    courses of study for admission to examinations of that University for degrees, diplomas
    and other academic distinctions shall be deemed to be institutions recognized by, or
    affiliated to, the [Mahatma Gandhi University] under this Act and the provisions of this
    Act shall apply accordingly.
    (2). Any student of any college within the area referred to in sub-section (1) and
    affiliated to the University of Kerala immediately before the commencement of this Act
    shall be permitted to complete his course under the University of Kerala, and the
    [145][Mahatma Gandhi University] shall provide for the instruction of such students in
    accordance with the course of study in the University of Kerala and shall comply with
    such directions as may be given to it by the University of Kerala in respect of those
    students.
  48. Transfer of service of certain employees from the University of Kerala to the
    [146][Mahatma Gandhi University] .- (1) Any person in the employment of the
    University of Kerala may subject to such conditions and restrictions as may be specified
    by the Government in this behalf, opt to serve in connection with the affairs of the
    [147][Mahatma Gandhi University] .
    (2) As soon as may be after the date of the commencement of this Act, the
    Government may, after consulting the Vice-Chancellors of the University of Kerala and
    the [148][Mahatma Gandhi University] direct, by general or special order, that such of
    the employees of the University of Kerala as are specified in such order shall stand
    allotted to serve in connection with the affairs of the [149][Mahatma Gandhi University]
    with effect from such date as may be specified in such order.
    (3). In making an order under sub-section (2), the persons who have opted under subsection (1) to serve in connection with the affairs of the [150] [Mahatma Gandhi
    University] shall be given preference.
    (4). With effect from the date specified in an order under sub section (2) the persons
    specified in such order and allotted to serve in connection with [151][Mahatma Gandhi
    University] shall become employees of the [152][Mahatma Gandhi University] and shall
    cease to be employees of the University of Kerala.
    (5). Every person who becomes an employee of the [Mahatma Gandhi University]
    under sub-section (4) shall, hold office under that University by the same tenure, at the
    same remuneration and upon the same terms and conditions and with the same rights and
    privileges as to pension, gratuity, if any, and other matters as he would have held the
    same on the date specified in the order under sub-section (2), as if this Act had not been
    passed.
    (6). The liability to pay pension and gratuity to the persons referred to in sub-section
    (2) shall be the liability of the Gandhiji University.
    [153][96A xxxxxxxxxxx]
  49. Transfer of accumulation in provident fund and other like funds.- (1) The sums to the
    credit of the provident fund accounts of the persons referred to in sub-section (2) of
    section 96 as on the date specified in the order under that sub-section shall be transferred
    to the Gandhiji University, and the liability in respect of the said provident fund accounts
    shall be the liability of the Gandhiji University.
    (2) There shall be paid to the [Mahatma Gandhi University] out of the
    accumulation in the superannuation fund and other like funds, if any, of the University of
    Kerala such amounts as have been credited to the superannuation fund and other like
    funds, if any, on behalf of the persons referred to in sub-section (2) of section 96.
    The amounts paid under sub-section (2) shall form part of the superannuation fund or
    other like funds, if any, that may be established by the [154][Mahatma Gandhi
    University] for the benefit of its employees.
  50. Appointment of funds and assets of the University of Kerala.-A Committee
    consisting of the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Kerala, the Vice-Chancellor of the
    [155][Mahatma Gandhi University] and the Secretary to the Government of Kerala,
    Finance Department, shall examine the question of transfer of funds and assets, other
    than those referred to in sub-section (3) of section 99 from the University of Kerala to the
    [156][Mahatma Gandhi University] and shall recommend to the Government the action
    to be taken in the matter, and the decision of the Government on such recommendation
    shall be final.
  51. Act 17 of 1974 not to apply.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the Kerala
    University Act, 1974 (17 of 1974), shall, with effect from the date of the commencement
    of this Act cease to apply in respect of the areas to which the jurisdiction of the
    [157][Mahatma Gandhi University] extends.
    (2). Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), all Statutes and
    Ordinances made under the Kerala University Act 1974 (17 of 1974) and in force on the
    date of the commencement of this Act shall, in so far as they are not inconsistent with the
    provisions of this Act continue to be in force in respect of the areas referred to in subsection (1) until they are replaced by the Statutes and Ordinances to be made under this
    Act.
    (3). All property, whether movable or immovable, including lands, buildings,
    equipments, books and library and all rights of whatever kind owned by or vested in or
    held in trust immediately before the date of the commencement of this Act by the
    University of Kerala at the University Study Centres at Palai, Kottayam and
    Changanacherry as well as all liabilities legally subsisting against the University of
    Kerala at these centers shall stand transferred to and vest in the [158] [Mahatma Gandhi
    University.]
    (4). Nothing in this section shall be held to prejudice or affect the application of
    sections 4 and 23 of the Interpretation and General Clauses Act, 1125 (VII of 1125).
  52. First Statutes and Ordinances.-(1)[159] [Notwithstanding anything contained in this
    Act, the first Statutes and the first Ordinances of the University shall be made by
    Government in consultation with the University Grants Commission, within a period of
    one year from the date of commencement of the Mahatma Gandhi University
    (Amendment) Act, 1988.]
    (2). Every first Statute and every first Ordinance made under this section shall be laid as
    soon as it is made before the Legislative Assembly while it is in session for a total period
    of fourteen days which may be comprised in one session or in two successive sessions,
    and if before the expiry of the session in which it is so laid or the session immediately
    following, the Legislative Assembly makes any modification in the first Statute or the
    first Ordinance, as the case may be or decides that the first Statute or as the case may be;
    the first Ordinance should not be made, the First Statute or the first Ordinance as the case
    may be shall there upon have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the
    case may be; so however that no such modification or annulment shall be without
    prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under the first Statute or the first
    Ordinance.
  53. Removal of difficulties.—(1) If any difficulty arises as to the first constitution or
    reconstitution of any authority of the University or otherwise in giving effect to the
    provisions of this Act the Government may by order do anything not inconsistent with the
    provisions of this Act which appears to them necessary for the purpose of removing the
    difficulty.
    (2) Every order issued under sub-section (1) shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is
    issued, before the Legislative Assembly while it is in session for a total period of fourteen
    days which may be comprised in one session or in two successive sessions, and if before
    the expiry of the session in which it is so laid or the session immediately following, the
    Legislative Assembly makes any modification in the order or decides that the order
    should not be issued, the order shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or
    be of no effect, as the case may be; so however that any such modification or annulment
    shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that order.
  54. Repeal and saving.-(1) The Gandhiji University Ordinance, 1984 (92 of 1984), is
    hereby repealed
    (2) Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or deemed to have been done or any
    action taken or deemed to have been taken under the said Ordinance shall be deemed to

have been done or taken under this Act.

THE GANDHIJI UNIVERSITY (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1987 [1]
(ACT 13 OF 1987)
An Act further to amend the Gandhiji University Act, 1985 and for certain matters
incidental thereto.
Preamble. — WHEREAS it is expedient further to amend the Gandhiji University
Act, 1985, for the purposes hereinafter appearing ;
BE it enacted in the Thirty-eighth Year of the Republic of India as follows:—
1 . Short title and commencement.— (1) This Act may be called the Gandhiji
University (Amendment) Act, 1987.
(2) It shall be deemed to have come into force on t he 1st day of June, 1987.

  1. Amendment of section 10. — In section 10 of the Gandhiji University Act, 1985
    {12 of 1985) (hereinafter referred to as the principal Act), —
    (a) in sub-section (4), for the words, “a period of three months of its appointment”
    (the words “a period of five months of its appointment or within such further period, not
    exceeding one month, as the Chancellor may specify in this behalf” shall be substituted;
    (b) in sub-section (6), for the words, brackets and figure “specified in sub-section
    (4)”, the words, brackets and figure ” specified in or under sub-section (4)” shall be
    substituted;
    (c) in sub-section (7) for the words, brackets and figure “specified in sub-section
    (4)” the words, brackets and figure “specified in or under sub-section (4)” shall be
    substituted.
    3, Revival of the committee and validation. — Notwithstanding anything contained
    in the principal Act, or in any other law for the time being in force, the term of office of
    the members of t he committee appointed by the Chancellor under section 10 of the
    principal Act by notification No. GS3-5895/86 dated the 3rd March, 1987 which expired
    on the 2 nd day of June, 1987, shall with effect from the date of publication of this Act in
    the Gazette revive, and accordingly any thing done or to be done or any action taken or to
    be taken by the Chancellor or the said committee or any other person or authority in the
    purported exercise of the powers and functions conferred by or under the principal Act
    shall not be deemed to be invalid or ever to have been invalid merely on the ground that
    the term of office of the members of the committee aforesaid had expired on the said
    date.

THE GANDHIJI UNIVERSITY (AMENDMENT AND
SPECIAL PROVISIONS) ACT, 1988[1]
(ACT 11 OF 1988)
An Act further to amend the Gandhiji University Act, 1985.
Preamble. — whereas it is expedient further to amend the Gandhiji University Act,
1985, for the purposes hereinafter appearing;
BE it enacted in the Thirty-ninth Year of the Republic of India as follows: —

  1. Short title and commencement. —(1) This Act may be called the Gandhiji
    University (Amendment and Special Provisions) Act, 1988.
    (2) Section 9 shall be deemed to have come into force on the 15th day of October
    1985 and the remaining provisions shall be deemed to have come into force on the 28th
    day of January 1988.
  2. Amendment of long title. — In the long title to the Gandhiji University Act, 1985
    (12 of 1985) (hereinafter referred to as the principal Act), for the expression ” Gandhiji
    University “, the expression ” Mahatma Gandhi University ” shall be substituted.
  3. Amendment of section 1. — In sub-section (1) of section 1 of the principal Act,
    for the expression “the Gandhiji University Act” the expression “the Mahatma Gandhi
    University Act” shall be substituted.
  4. Amendment of section 2. —In clause (31) of section 2 of the principal Act, for the
    expression ” Gandhiji University ” the expression ” Mahathma Gandhi University ” shall
    be substituted.
  5. Amendment of section 3. —In sub-section (1) of section 3 of the principal Act, for
    the words “by the name of the Gandhiji University ” the words “by the name of the
    Mahatma Gandhi University ” shall be substituted.
  6. Substitution of the expression “Mahatma Gandhi University” for the expression
    “Gandhiji University” in Act 12 of 1985. — Throughout the principal Act, except in the
    long title, sub-section (1), of section 1, clause (31) of section 2 and sub-section (1) of
    section 3, for the expression “Gandhiji University” wherever it occurs, the expression
    “Mahatma Gandhi University” shall be substituted.
  7. Construction of references to ” Gandhiji University ” ” Gandhiji University Act”
    and ” Gandhiji University Fund”. — (1) References to “Gandhiji University” and
    “Gandhiji University Act” in any Act or in any rule, notification, proceeding, order,
    regulation, bye-law or other instrument made or issued under such Act or in any rule or
    order made or continued in force under the principal Act, shall be construed as references
    to “Mahatma Gandhi University” and “Mahatma Gandhi University Act” respectively.
    (2) Any reference to “Gandhiji University Fund” in the Principal Act or in any rule
    or order made or continued in force under the Principal Act, shall be construed as
    reference to “Mahatma Gandhi University Fund”.
  8. Legal proceedings. — Where immediately before the commence ment of this Act
    any legal proceedings are pending to which the ” Gandhiji University ” is a party, the “
    Mahatma Gandhi University ” shall be deemed to be substituted for the ” Gandhiji
    University ” in those proceedings.
  9. Omission of section 96A. —Section 96A of the principal Act shall be omitted.
  10. Repeal and saving. — (1) The Gandhiji University (Amend ment and Special
    Provisions) Ordinance, 1988 (5 of 1988), is hereby repealed.
    (2) Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or any action taken under the
    principal Act as amended by the said Ordinance shall be deemed to have been done or
    taken under the Principal Act amended by this Act.

ACT 23 OF 2007
THE MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY
(AMENDMENT) ACT, 2007
An Act further to amend the Mahatma Gandhi University Act, 1985.
Preamble.-WHEREAS it is expedient further to amend the Mahatma Gandhi
University Act, 1985 for the purposes hereinafter appearing;
BE it enacted in the Fifty-eighth Year of the Republic of India as follows:-

  1. Short title and commencement.-(1) This Act may be called the Mahatma
    Gandhi University (Amendment) Act, 2007.
    (2) It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 5th day of February,
    2007.
  2. Amendment of section 21.- In the Mahatma Gandhi University Act, 1985(12
    of 1985) (hereinafter referred to as the principal Act), in section 21, under the heading
    “Other Members”, after item (e), the following items shall be inserted, namely:-
    “(f) One member of the Legislative Assembly, representing any of the
    Constituencies within the territorial jurisdiction of the University, nominated by the
    Government;
    (g) An eminent jurist who is conversant with University Laws, nominated by the
    Government;
    (h) An author or journalist of eminence, nominated by the Government; (i) A research scholar or a post-graduate student of the University, nominated by the
    Government;
    (j) The member nominated by the Executive Council of the Kerala State Higher
    Education Council from among its members.”.
  3. Repeal and saving.-(1)The Mahatma Gandhi University (Amendment)
    Ordinance, 2007 (48 of 2007) is hereby repealed.
    (2) Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or deemed to have done or any
    action taken or deemed to have been taken under the principal Act, as amended by the
    said Ordinance, shall be deemed to have been done or taken under the principal Act, as
    amended by this Act.